It's interesting. The difference between the LTR and the OA process you describe is that with the OA you don't apply for an extension of stay until the term of the visa (one year) is about to expire. They are called "extensions of stay", not "permissions to stay". And they take effect after the full term of the visa. Whereas with the LTR, there is an outright contradiction in that the visa term is ten years but you only get "permission to stay" for 5 and then have to apply when that expires for another 5 year "permission". So you're applying while the proclaimed term of the visa still has 5 years to run. It makes no sense. If they wanted it to be similar to the OA process (and avoid contradicting themselves), they would have called the LTR a 5 year visa and said you can apply for a 5 year "extension of stay" when it expires. But they decided to invent a new mystical process and I do believe it's so they could hype the LTR as "10 years" when in fact it's not. The problem of course is that governments change, policies change, and there's no way to know for sure what might be required in 5 years when it's time for a new "permission". Just look at how often Immigration (and various regional offices) change the rules for "extensions of stay" under OA visas. Let's keep our fingers crossed with the LTR 🙂