electau

Thanks electau

Please can you explain 'Use the ohms scale of a multimeter to test'. What reading or lack of reading am I looking for and between what terminals L/N, L/E, N/E,?

Some time ago Crossy gave me some voltages to test at the meter:

'Clearly identify the neutral conductor at the meter and at the switchboard, the neutral terminals of the meter are the two centre ones. Correct polarity is L to N 220V, L to E 220V and N to E 0 volts'.

Can I use this to test the plugs?

Electrician was supposed to start saturday when I would be there BUT he has turned up today when I'm at work!

Thanks

Use the lowest range x1 in the ohms range for earthing continuity in practice it will be less than 2 ohms.

Use the highest AC voltage range to measure voltage between L and N 220, L and E 220, and N and E ) 0 volts .There may be a very small rise on the N to E reading, you can disregard that in practice.

NEVER use the ohms range or any current range to measure voltage. Check you instrument on a known source of voltage before using. Zero the leads together before taking any continuity tests.

All circuits must be protected by an MCB or an RCBO.

If you use the TT earthing system RCD protection must be on all circuits.

If you use the TN-C-S (MEN) system only socket outlets require RCD protection, although in Thailand it would be advisable to use RCDs on all circuits.

Earthing by means of PE conductor(s) at all points of utilisation, eg socket outlets, and permanently conected equipment.

The current rating of the protective device will depend on the current rating of the conductor to be protected. eg. 20A MCB or 20A/30mA RCBO. Socket outlets 2.5sqmm 20A.

Crossed neutrals can occur across lighting and power circuits.

You will not have any problems if your installation is tested before connection to supply and if defects are found they must be rectified immediately and then retested. Polarity tests must also be carried out L to N, L to E and N to E.

If an electrician can not carry out the tests required he is not competent to carry out installation work.

When an electrical installation is connected to supply it must be free as far as practicable from electrical risk, ie, electric shock and fire.

If power and light switches are not exposed to the weather they need only be IP54 or the standard switch and socket outlet to TIS ( Thai Industrial Standards).

The insulation resistance of all new equipment must be at least 1.0Megohm or higher (in practice 20 to 50M ohms +).

(You should not be concerned to much re " leaky equipment" all equipment exibit some leakage current, eg, surge protectors and some electronic equipment such as split mode power supplies).

10sqmm copper ( L and N) is suitable to link the two distribution boards.

A service fuse is for short circuit protection of mains. If it is an old installation there may be only a fuse and knife type DP fused switch. The protective device for the heater should be a RCBO. Up to 20A/30ma for heaters up to 4400watts with 2.5sqmm cable. over this use a 32A/30ma and 4sqmm cable.

The heater must be earthed. The heater may have an integral RCD this only protects the heater itself not the connection terminals or cable from the switchboard.

A meter can sustain overloads of high magnitude for short periods, the disk will run faster and accuracy may be affected but that is all.

To check for crossed neutrals you will have to test each circuit individually, and that means disconnecting each circuit. there should be no connection of neutrals between circuits. If you have this problem you will have to check at each light switch where the neutrals are terminated. This applies to all circuits including socket outlets. Use the ohms scale of a multimeter to test.

Colour codes (TIS) L black, N white or grey, E green or green/yellow trace.

The ring type circuit must never be used within an electrical installation, it is used only in the UK. All circuits must have a protective device ie MCB or RCBO at the point of origin of the circuit. All circuits are wired in a star configuration from the switchboard.

Ring main is sometimes referred to as the grid connection of a LV distribution system. This is not part of the electrical installation.

All most people are interested in who live outside the US is their policy on foreign affairs, and in this case Obama is the better candidate.

The US political system is a complete mess, a mickey mouse democratic system. The "president" as the most powerful man in the world? My president? Slavery when out years ago, pehaps they mean "bought" as in money.

If you apply from overseas eg Thailand you will be renewing your passport not applying for a new one. You will have to produce your current passport. If you cannot provide this a lot of questions are going to be asked of you.

You should apply for the renewal well before your passport expiry date, I did mine 12 months before it expired but one was in Australia. 3 weeks including mail delivery times by registered mail.

There is a large number of electrical appliances that are connected by means of a 2 core lead and 2 pin plug tops, most appliances are now fitted with a 3 core lead and 3 pin moulded TIS plug top.

RCDs/RCBOs should be tested every 3 months by the use of the test button, this causes an inbalance berween the L and N and checks the operation of the device. An RCBO with a direct switch on selectivity must never be left in the DIRECT position under normal operating conditions. The 10mA setting is recomended for socket outlets where 2 pin plug tops are used.

All that is required is that the distribution neutral is earthed which it will be but not always at the neutral terminal of the transformer. It will be at one or more points on the distribution system.

To use the TT system. The electrical installation neutral is NOT bonded to the distribution neutral. The earthing systems are isolated. Any earth fault current returns to the neutral of the transformer by way of the main earth and electrode. This is a low fault current high impedance system and RCDs must be used to comply with the disconection requirements.

To use the TN-C-S system. The electrical installation neutral is bonded to the distribution neutral at the main switchboard. The earthing systems are bonded together. Any earth fault current returns to the neutral of the transformer through the consumers main neutral conductor and the distribution neutral. Any current in the main earth may be disregarded.

It is a high fault current low impedance system. On this system RCDs are used as additional protection.

The main earth and electrode with the neutral earthing on the distribution system maintain the neutral to earth voltage as close to 0 volts as practicable.

To give an example, a small transformer is required to supply a single installation. The transformer has the neutral terminal earthed, the neutral at the main switch board is bonded to the main earth. The Installation is TN-C-S or MEN. Multiple means more than one.

If the installation was not bonded ( in this case at the main switchboard) it would be TT.

When using the MEN system polarity testing is essential as there can be several points where errors can be made, 1. at the connection point of the service conductors and the distribution system. 2. at the meter(s) and 3,at the main switch board. The neutral should be clearly identified at each connection point, irrespective of whether it is TT or TN-C-S.

It would be advisable to contact the PEA first if you intend to use the TN-C-S system.

First make sure that the voltage problem is not in your electrical installation. If it is not it may well pay to use an energy management system and use less energy, ie do not use all electrical equipment at one time.

How ever if the problem is not in your installation the answer is to get the PEA to rectify it but you may have to pay some of the capital cost.

Both reversal of polarity ie switching on the neutral only and tingling sensation when in contact with electrical equipment is potentially hazardous. You most likely have no PE conductors or main earth. this will explain the tingling sensation

Metering. A 5/15 amp meter which is supplied and is the property of the PEA measures the energy in kWhours of all of your electrical installation. On the nameplate will be the revolutions per kWh, this is based on a test current of 5 amps. the second figure of 15amps is the normal continuous load current that the meter will sustain without affecting accuracy.

The current coil will sustain currents in excess of 100% of the rated figure. All that will occur is that the disc will run at high rate of revolutions.

With a 15/45 amps meter the above applies except that the revolutions per kWh will be less, and the meter can sustain higher currents. The test current here is 15amps.

You wish to meter the pump circuits to determine the consumption in KWhs. You do not touch the existing PEA meter. The submeter 15/45 is connected where the pump circuits originate at the switchboard. The line side of the meter ( the left terminal) is connected to the supply and the subcircuits to the MCBs for the pumps are connected to the load terminal, the right hand terminal. The neutral (the center terminals) is connected to the neutral link or bar with a 2.5 or 4.0 sqmm single wire, as this only for the voltage coil of the meter.

When the pumps are running the consumption will be recorded by this meter for the pumps only unless you have other load connected.

The PEA meter will still record the total consumption of the installation and the consumption by the pumps.

To read a meter. Read from left to right on the counter, (10000) (1000) (100) (10) (1). the last digit in tenths of a kWh is not read. Eg. 47387.

You can check this on your electricity account.

As David 48 states it is a very quick and easy process. These links may be easier to navigate.

https://www.passports.gov.au/Web/index.aspx

http://auspost.com.au/personal/australian-passports.html

You can also call 131232 for information on Australian passports.

With regard to electrical installations it is normal practice to regard ALL conductors as live until proved otherwise.

The transformer of which only the LV winding is shown with the earthing is part of the distribution network, it does not form part of the electrical installation. The electrical installation in practice in Thailand commences at the location of the PEA/MEA metering

The transformer will be located on the distribution network and will supply other properties as well as your own. The drawing itself is just that, it shows the relationship of the various components of the system to each other. It is a guide only.

http://www.lastminut...angkok-thailand

That's the latest info I could find?

They only fly to Melbourne.

http://www.bruneiair.com/australia/

One thinks that you are referring to multi outlet power boards with long lead for each room, run from an existing outlet.

My advice from your post is to get the job done by a local electrician, the owner may arrange for it for you.

Black is line conductor (L) White or Grey is the Neutral. Green or green/yellow is reserved for earthing conductors only and must NEVER be used for a L or N conductor.

Red is a colour for a phase or line conductor with many standards.

Making allowances for Thailand you could sleeve the ends of the red core with green sleeving at ALL terminations,ie, junction boxes, equipment and socket outlets and the earth bar of the switchboard to identify that it is use as an earthing conductor.

It is preferable to use the correct colour code for earthing conductors if possible.

Just as a matter of interest here are the rates in Australia.

http://ukinnewzealan.../australia#much

There is a note that exchange rates may change without notice.( AUD 0.60 to 1 GBP at a bank)

The electrician or the electrical contractor who wires your house should carry out all tests before connecting to supply, the PEA should carry polarity tests when the meter is connected and check the main earth and electrode.

However saying this in practice it probably will never happen in Thailand.

However one can give you the basic tests to enable your installation to be safe.

If an electrician is qualified and competent he should have no problem testing an installation if he knows the basic test requirements.

http://ukinthailand.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/living-in-thailand/our-services-fee/

Depends on the FX exchange rate on the day you buy GBP. You would have remitted the fee in GBP.

Deprivation of British nationality

Under amendments made by the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006, British nationals can be deprived of their citizenship if the Secretary of State is satisfied "deprivation is conducive to the public good". This provision has been in force since 16 June 2006 when the Immigration, Nationality and Asylum Act 2006 (Commencement No 1) Order 2006 came into force. This provision only applies to dual nationals, and does not operate to render a person stateless.

Previously, since 2003, under amendments made by the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002, British nationals could be deprived of their citizenship if the Secretary of State is satisfied they are responsible for acts seriously prejudicial to the vital interests of the United Kingdom or an Overseas Territory.

British nationals who are naturalised or registered may have their certificates revoked (and hence lose British nationality) if British nationality was obtained by fraud or concealment of a material fact.

Exactly, any bank accounts in Thailand are of no concern of Centrelink and you just do not declare them. If she has property in Thailand it is of no concern of Centrelink, it belongs to her family not her.

The Centrelink income and assets test relates to all income by both partners, and all assets owned by both people. If you want to keep it private from Centrelink, then you can only do that legally by not claiming a pension from them. Alternatively, if a person is not living with their girlfriend, then that person might claim the single person pension, and their girlfriends assets and income are of no concern to Centrelink.

Your Thai spouse justs states that she has nil assets in or income from Thailand. Australia has no social security agreement with Thailand. This incudes any assets in her family name. There will of course be no transfers of money to her bank account in Australia, which of course would be highly unlikely.

My wife has assets in Thailand and they are held in her family name.

Australia. Resident Return Visa required for travel after 5 years. Permanent visa valid for travel for 5 years only. If a relationship breaks down it will be most likely be within this period.

All applicants must neet the same criteria depending on the visa applied for.

However she is is between 18 and 30 years of age she may be eligible to apply for a working holiday visa while in Australia.

http://www.immi.gov.au/visitors/working-holiday/462/