Yes, the Ultra Mobile PayGo SIM offers a real U.S. mobile number that works for receiving texts from U.S. financial institutions. The service costs $3 per month, plus tax, plus $0.10 per text for receiving text messages overseas.
To get started, you’d need to buy a physical SIM, which is available on eBay for around $13 plus $17 shipping to Thailand. Once you have the SIM, you can contact the company to convert it into an eSIM, then you don’t actually need to insert the physical SIM into your phone.
In practice, the cost comes out to about $5 per month because Ultra Mobile requires a minimum $5 balance top-up each month deducted from a debit or credit card. From the top-up payment they deduct the $3 monthly service fee (plus tax), and any incoming texts you receive overseas are charged at $0.10 each, all deducted from your balance.
The Numero option I suggested still comes out more cost effective at a total of €18 per year.