https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowWiki.action?id=443
So what link above tells, there must be a contibutions by employers for longer time before employees can get benefits. Text is by the laws in 2010, so there were benefits already then. Laws and benefits might be different nowdays, and someone who knows better can update what are rules nowdays.
I read earlier this year in the newspaper, Bangkok Post, an interview. Guy who had lost some basic job told he could get 500 baht from government every month, so benefits might be at that level for many.
There is a link on the same website for old-age benefits, so there are those also. My wifes both parents get those. I don't post sums, as I don't remember how much, but benefits are now higher than couple years ago.