Little update here, hope this helps anyone wondering the same thing.
My foreign bank closed my debit card immediately without even asking about this transaction. The transaction was with name:
TFB.MERCHANTS SERVICE
The amount was 1.00 THB (0,03 €).
I asked the bank why they closed my card, and they said that "based on collected data this merchant is fraudulent" and thus they closed my card instantly.
I hadn't even used this card a lot online, because just 6 months ago my last card was cancelled. So I tried not to use the new card to avoid all the hassle to get a new card here (and paying the courier fees). So I am guessing that maybe the card info was copied at some shop/atm or something. Just guessing, could also be some online service that has been breached.