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slimdog

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Posts posted by slimdog

  1. Personally I think the most likely scenario is #3

    The Bank he is talking about is most likely UBS AG. (Head Office, Zurich)

    UBS supplied a lot of details to both the SEC and ASC regarding the Shin Corp deal, which they were involved with through their Singapore Office.

    UBS have an office in Thailand (Wireless Road), and there main functions are asset management and Stock trading through UBS Securities. (They are licensed stock brokers with the SET)

    As the ASC has stated that all frozen accounts are in Thailand, then it is most likely that Thaksin or family members placed some of their money from the Shin Corp sale in the Hands of UBS Securities, and after informing the ASC of these accounts, these accounts have since been frozen by an order of the ASC (Which has the same authority as both the NCCC and AMLO, which are allowed to freeze asets for a temporary period of time if they believe that assets maybe transfered or hidden prior to a court order)

    In which case, whilst misleading, it would be true to say that details of assets owned by Thaksin or his family have been given to Thai authorities by a "Swiss Bank" and that subsequently those assets have since been frozen. What would make Thaksin angry would be the knowledge that UBS froze accounts because the ASC believed that there were irregularities on the deal, when UBS were fully aware of all the details of the Shin Corp deal as they played a major advisory role on the deal.

    Anyway that my theory....

  2. I wonder how much it will cost to place the hero of ban rom khlao at the head of the list to insure no PPP upsets in the Isaan if he were to head elsewhere? This is going to be the most expensive election ever in terms of buying the political prostitutes and the feudal masters who can deliver the rural areas. At least that has not changed.

    Whilst I am not certain how many regions there will be in the next election, (The first draft mentioned 4, suggestions later mentioned 8) this will mean that each political party is going to have to come up with at least 4 different party lists, one for each region. For PPP, this will be easy for the North, Issan and Central but they also need some names for the south. If it is 4 regions then they only need 5% to get a seat.

    Likewise the Democrats will need lists to cover both Issan and the North. People who might previous have been 40 - 50 on the party list, will all of a sudden become No 1 or 2 on the regional list...

    If the regions are split into 8, then it is going to be very interesting in the central Region which covers Bangkok. Regardless of how the region is split, there is going to be massive pressure on parties to get the top 3 - 4 spots, as anything lower than this will in no way guarantee a seat.

  3. I think this support is overestimated. He's been Bangkok Governor and then ran for Senate from Bangkok so we are used to his face, but he has been out of national politics for a very very long time, and even then he was constituency based MP from Bangkok.

    He might appeal to Isan voters, he might not, but at the moment he is an unknown quantity, no one remember what he has actually done while in government, and Thaksin has left big shoes to fill for anyone aspiring for "champion of the poor" title.

    Plus, don't under-estimate Samak. He has in the past held some very important positions

    1997 (General Chavalit Yongchaiyudh)

    Mr. Samak Sundaravej Deputy Prime Minister

    1996 (Mr. Banharn Silpa-Archa)

    Mr. Samak Sundaravej Deputy Prime Minister

    1992 (General Suchinda Kraprayoon)

    Mr. Samak Sundaravej Deputy Prime Minister

    1990 (General Chatichai Junhavan)

    Mr. Samak Sundaravej Minister of Transport

    1983 (General Prem Tinsulananda)

    Mr. Samak Sundaravej Minister of Transport

    1976 (Mr. Thanin Kraivixien)

    Mr. Samak Sundaravej Minister of Interior

    1976 (M.R. Seni Pramoja)

    Mr. Samak Sundaravej Deputy Minister of Interior

    1975 (M.R. Seni Pramoja)

    Mr. Samak Sundaravej Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Co-operatives

    He was also at one stage the Deputy Secretary General of the Democrat Party....

    source for all cabinet positions: http://www.cabinet.thaigov.go.th

  4. Yet, by participating in as many constituencies as possible, the Dems can make inroads into these areas with a divided TRT vote in the districts... a revitalized Chart Thai thrown in and the former opposition could still pull out ahead.

    Much opportunity exists for many scenarios... so much can happen in the next 17 weeks.

    Under the 1997 constitution you would be totally correct, but under the new constitution this doesn't apply. In fact the new constitution really does favour a large party splitting up, that is of course, providing the split is amicable, or the people involved, being able to continue working together. As far as constituent MP's are concerned, we are back to the 1991 constitution.

    For Party list MP's the rules have changed dramatically..

  5. From what I remember the public area is dry. There is a coffee shop next to the Duty free shop in the centre of the terminal, just after immigration. There are a couple of Airline lounges upstairs,(follow the sign to the Prayer Room) but only remember Thai and B.A, but there probably is one for Biman. Not even 100% sure if the Thai lounge has alcohol, always been mid day flight so more interested in coffee.

    The nicest thing I can say about Dhaka airport is it is basic, but it is only a 2 hour flight home..

  6. In April 2006 people were told if you vote no you will lose your 30-baht health thing. In the charter referendum people are being told if you dont vote no you will lose your 30-baht health care. I thought we may have seen something more unique on the scare tactics front. Interestly the scarers seem to have overlooked the bit about universal health care in the charter, but of course this vote is not about what is in the charter anyway.

    Section 50:

    A person shall enjoy an equal right to receive standard public health service, and the indigent shall have the right to receive free medical treatment from public health centers of the state.

    The public health service of the state shall be provided thoroughly and efficiently.

    The state shall prevent and eradicate harmful contagious diseases among the public without charge in a timely manner.

    Section 79

    (2) The state shall promote, support, and develop sustainable good health of the people, thoroughly provide standard and efficient health service, and encourage local governments and the private sector to participate in the provision of public health service.

    Not sure if I would agree that this guarantee's anything more than providing the most basic form of coverage, unless of course you pay for it.

  7. An earlier report regarding the Ratchada Land Deal

    BOT ready to clarify controversial land deal

    BANGKOK, Oct 2 (TNA) – Bank of Thailand’s Governor-designate Tarisa Watanagase on Wednesday reiterated the central bank was ready to clarify doubts over the controversial land deal made with Khunying Pojaman Shinawatra, wife of ousted prime minister Thaksin, or suspicious lending by Krung Thai Bank Plc, if the Asset Scrutiny Committee and the National Corruption Counter Commission sought its clarification.

    She said the bank had not yet been contacted by both panels for possible questioning or request for information on the land sale by the Financial Institutions Development Fund to Kunying Pojaman or the alleged corruption in the lending by Krung Thai Bank.

    However, should the panels seek its cooperation, the bank was ready to provide the information because its assistant governors Pairoj Hengsakul and Samart Buranawattanachoti had supervised performances of FIDF and Krung Thai Bank.

    BOT’s Deputy Governor Sawangjit Chaiwattana, who is a former manager of FIDF, said she expected the Asset Scrutiny Committee would summon her for questioning on the sale of 33 rais of land off Ratchadapisek Road worth 772 million baht by FIDF to the wife of the ousted premier soon.

    She said the central bank was ready to clarify any questions on the land deal because it was done in accordance with laws.

    The deal was not settled in haste as many alleged. FIDF had done it in accordance with legal procedures. All transactions in the process could be explainable.

    She affirmed the deal was not against the NCCC’s laws since FIDF had already discussed the matter with the commission before making a decision.

    The land sale by FIDF to Khunying Pojaman came to the limelight as many suspected prices of land set at that time are much lower than the market price. (TNA) – E005

    source: http://etna.mcot.net/query.php?nid=25742

  8. It's high voter turnout every time because it's the law that requires citizens to vote and has been for a long time through many elections.

    The interesting thing about this one is that it is in the form of a referendum, where the ballot is a simple yes or no and it is not an election.

    I've spoken to several Thais who seem rather put off by the concept of this or simplicity of it... or lack of choice, as in an election with multiple candidates. It's like they can't be bothered to go to trouble of voting when it's "only a yes or no." For this reason and also the polls (even considering their traditional unrealibility) would seem to indicate to me that the voter turnout for this will be lower than typical.

    It will still be high when compared to Western democracies that don't have a law requiring them to vote.

    To the OP, that is a consideration to take into account. When not fulfilling the requirement to cast your ballot, it comes with repercussions. Granted these "punishments" may not be all that severe or even applicable to any real extent to some citizens, it very well may to many.

    As for changing of this constitution, I thought everyone took it for granted that when the elections occur and a new PM and Parliament are in place, that an entirely new constitution will be written... or short of that, that wholesale changes will be made to the one being voted on.

    The laws governing elections and referendums are not quite the same, the major difference is that in any election be it local or general, the citizens have a duty to vote, whereas in a referendum they don't. As the ECT points out on their website:

    The referendum according to the 2006 interim constitution is not compulsory; therefore, there is no penalty for a person who does not turn out to vote. It is different from an election which is compulsory.

    As for changing the Constitution. There is a process for doing this, but it will require a total support of 301 members of the House of Representatives and Senate. Historically there have been very few changes made to Constitutions. The largest number of changes to date was to the 1991 Constitution, which had a total of 3 ammendments 2 of which were to repeal sections in Chapter 11 (Transitory Provisions, Articles 219 & 221) and the 3rd was to change the date for the first sitting of the National Assembly (Article 133). The 1997 Constitution was never ammended. (Just cremated.....)

  9. Total net profit during the first nine months of 2007 financial year ... stood at about Bt8.33 billion, down from Bt2.16 billion

    something doesn't make much sense for me.

    The correct reading should be:

    Total net profit during the first nine months of 2007 financial year ... stood at about Bt8.33 billion, down Bt2.16 billion

    Basically 3rd Quarter figures compared to one year ago are:

    Income

    Tickets sales increased from Bt 33.5 Billion to Bt 35.8 Billion

    Freight sales decreased from Bt 6.3 Billion to Bt 6.2 Billion

    Mail charges decreased from Bt 264 Million to Bt 250 Million

    Giving a total income increase from Bt 42.1 Billion to Bt 44.5 Billion

    Outgoings

    Personnel Charges increased from Bt 7 Billion to Bt 7.3 Billion

    Fuel costs decreased from Bt 14.8 Billion to Bt 14.4 Billion

    Inventories and supplies stayed the same at Bt 2.3 Billion

    Leasing of aircraft increased from Bt 1.2 Billion to Bt 1.6 Billion

    Flight Operations increased from Bt 9.4 Billion to Bt 11.5 Billion

    Depreciation of assets increased from Bt 3.8 Billion to Bt 4.4 Billion

    Marketing increased from Bt 730 Million to Bt 850 Million

    Insurance decreased from Bt 350 Million to Bt 114 Million

    Pay to board of Director decreased from Bt 4.6 Million to Bt 2 Million

    Other operating expenses increased from Bt 1.3 Billion to Bt 1.6 Billion

    Giving a total expense increase from Bt 41.1 Billion to Bt 44.4 Billion

    Total Profits decreased from Bt 959,396,459 to Bt 113,795,430

    Source: SET

  10. How is this any different from the old one?

    1/2 the Senate is appointed NOT elected ,

    just for starters .

    good morning ...................................

    Interesting snippet from Todays edition of The Nation:

    Judges 'have integrity'

    There's no need to worry about the role of judges in the selection of senators and members of independent organisations as provided for under the draft constitution, Supreme Administrative Court president Ackaratorn Chularat told the media yesterday. Published on August 7, 2007

    In a move to calm concerns that the judiciary could be politicised if top judges played a role responsible for the selection of half the Senate members, Chularat said that judges are honest and have integrity.

    "Whether we will be [successfully] lobbied [by various interest groups] or not is up to our conscience and soul as judges. We have been cultivating [our integrity]," Ackaratorn explained. "We don't know if it [the new idea] will bring good results or not, but if we're mandated by the constitution then we will have to do our best."

    Asked if the judiciary would lose its impartiality or balance, Ackaratorn quickly replied: "It won't be that bad."

    Not all are convinced, however. At a symposium yesterday organised by the September 19 Network Against Coup d'Etat, former senator and NGO leader Jon Ungpakorn warned of the negative repercussions of giving judges political tasks.

    "What will happen is that the judges will be bought," he said.

    Senators ought to be elected by the people, he said.

    "It reflects a mistrust of the people. What will follow is hidden deals which will open the way for powerful people to secure seats [in the upper House]."

    Ackaratorn said that though judges are not elected by the people, the top judges have to be approved by the Senate before they are appointed, and as such indirectly represented the will of the people.

    But when asked how there could be checks and balances when half of the Senate, which will scrutinise the appointment of top judges, is appointed by judges to begin with, Ackaratorn answered: "We must trust and see if they're honest or not."

    Pravit Rojanaphruk

    source: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2007/08/07...cs_30044024.php

    It must also be noted that the last time the Judges had to pick people for an Independant Organisation (Election Commission), their first choice was Wicha Mahakhun who famously went on to say "We all know elections are evil". Whilst he didn't become a Commissioner, he is now Constitution Drafting Committee deputy chairman, and is currenlty re-drafting the Organic laws on The Election Commission, Political Parties and the Election of Representatives of the house Representatives and Senate..

  11. Position {at least in 'normal' elections} here is that people have to return to their constituencies to vote. That is not so unusual after all even in 1st World countries.

    Regards

    An Article from The Nation:

    Charter campaign stepped up

    Published on Jul 21, 2007

    The government has stepped up its campaign to raise awareness of the August 19 charter referendum, Prime Minister's Office Minister Thirapat Serirangsan said yesterday.

    A democracy flag is making its way across the country carried by bearers and will reach Bangkok on August 2. Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont is scheduled to preside over the welcoming ceremony.

    An exhibition to promote the referendum and democratic rule will take place from August 3-5 at Impact Arena, Muang Thong Thani.

    Mobile exhibition teams will be dispatched to set up 10,000 referendum displays upcountry.

    Provincial offices, municipalities and all local governments are putting up posters and billboards notifying the referendum date and encouraging voting.

    Democrat Party leader Abhisit Vejjajiva urged the government to promote the referendum without trying to influence its outcome.

    "I agree with the awareness campaign, although the government is obliged to remain neutral and accept the people's judgement," he said.

    In spite of a slow start, some 85,000 absentee voters have registered to cast referendum votes in Bangkok.

    The registration took place between July 10 and yesterday and saw almost 70,000 non-Bangkok residents exerting their right to vote.

    The city administration has estimated a voter turnout of 60 per cent.

    In Chiang Mai, some 4,000 absentee voters have decided to vote in the northern province instead of going back to their hometowns.

    source: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/search/pag...amp;id=30041822

  12. Considering the safe typing barier method for this, but c/o the Bangkok Post:- Extracts
    Thai Rath Comment _ Samak Sundaravej is certainly the right choice as leader of the Thai Rak Thai group of ousted prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra. The former Bangkok governor has what it takes to lead remnants of the now-defunct Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party into the next general election, tentatively set for the latter half of December this year. ... With the Thai Rak Thai group now on the defensive following the dissolution of the party for electoral fraud, Mr Samak's presence can shore up the group's image. Even though he is seen as a right-wing politician, Mr Samak is a staunch supporter of the Monarchy. This will help boost the Thai Rak Thai group's standing among the electorate as well. ... As in previous national elections, the forthcoming general election will see a lot of money changing hands. The former TRT bigwigs are not likely to spend lavishly this time, and that's why Mr Samak is likely to be chosen as their front man in the next political battle.
    words, just for once, fail me.

    post-14144-1186033643_thumb.jpg

    Today's Thai Rath Cartoon

  13. Copy of draft for everyone

    Thailand Post started distributing copies of the draft constitution yesterday to almost 20 million families nationwide, as part of plans to publicise the public referendum on the new charter.Published on July 13, 2007

    I have been a bit busy these last few weeks, and so have not had much time to keep up with the news, but one thing which has been puzzling me on reading the above quote is this:

    On or around the 13th July they Distributed (disseminated) copies of the proposed Constitution.

    Mosha has already confirmed that his wife has received a copy. (17th July) which confirms that dissemination has taken place.

    The 2006 Interim Constitution clearly states:

    Article 29

    Upon the completion of the Draft Constitution, it shall be disseminated as information to the general public, and a referendum on whetherto approve or disapprove the entire Draft Constitution shall be held after fifteen days but not more than thirty days as from the date of dissemination

    They are planning to hold the referendum on the 19th August.

    This is clearly greater than the 30 day maximum the Constitution allows, which considering the topic of the referendum.....

    Must be the dam_n junta! Trying to prolong their grip on power an extra 5 days. :o Or maybe its not the date they start the dissemination, but the date they finish? Either way, we are talking about 5 days at most.

    What I was questioning was the Constitutional legality of the up-coming referendum.

    When Meechai Ruchuphan drafted the Interim Constitution he clearly laid down a framework for the draft Constitution from the appointment of the Constitutional Drafting Assembly, to the legal requirements of the Junta when the referendum results are posted, and what would be the legal procedure should the CDA or CDC not finish the drafting process within the legal timeframe. (They did, although an ammendment was made by the NLA to the Constitution increasing the 180 day timeframe, although to the best of my knowledge this was never promulgated as the time frame was met), he also clearly stated the legal process should the CDA decide to reject the draft Constitution. (They didn't)

    Looking at the CDA website, which outlines the timeframe for the referendum, it shows that the 15 - 30 day timeframe as stipulated in the 2006 Constition starts from:

    Publication of Draft Constitution for dissemination

    Whilst it might be only 5 days, it would clearly give an opponent of the draft Constitution the legal and constitutional right to question the validity of the referendum to the Constitutional tribunal...

  14. Copy of draft for everyone

    Thailand Post started distributing copies of the draft constitution yesterday to almost 20 million families nationwide, as part of plans to publicise the public referendum on the new charter.Published on July 13, 2007

    I have been a bit busy these last few weeks, and so have not had much time to keep up with the news, but one thing which has been puzzling me on reading the above quote is this:

    On or around the 13th July they Distributed (disseminated) copies of the proposed Constitution.

    Mosha has already confirmed that his wife has received a copy. (17th July) which confirms that dissemination has taken place.

    The 2006 Interim Constitution clearly states:

    Article 29

    Upon the completion of the Draft Constitution, it shall be disseminated as information to the general public, and a referendum on whetherto approve or disapprove the entire Draft Constitution shall be held after fifteen days but not more than thirty days as from the date of dissemination

    They are planning to hold the referendum on the 19th August.

    This is clearly greater than the 30 day maximum the Constitution allows, which considering the topic of the referendum.....

  15. If this has already been posted then I'm sorry, but one little snippet from Wednesdays Bangkok Post caught my eye. The headline was:

    Former TRT leaders launch 'no' campaign

    Right of the bottom of the article was this:

    The Election Commission yesterday announced additional polling stations for the referendum in the four insurgency-torn provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and Songkhla.

    This will help people who have to vote outside the areas where their households are registered.

    In total, the four provinces will have eight polling stations, compared with one each in other provinces, apart from Bangkok with 50.

    One Polling station per province :o

    It's no wonder that they are pretty confident that the Draft Constitution will be passed.....

    Original article in Bangkok Post News section:

    http://www.bangkokpost.com/110707_News/11Jul2007_news07.php

  16. Chang Noi's take on the ISOC act

    A state at war with its people

    The Internal Security Act which the junta wants to pass is the key measure to re-establish the Army as a government within government.

    On first appearance, the law seems to set up a new organisation, or at least revive an old one (the Internal Security Operations Command, ISOC, which was originally formed to combat communism and had faded into the background in recent years). But this is an illusion. What the law does is give massive new powers to the Army chief. In the past, the directorship of ISOC was a stand-alone post with its own secretariat and organisation. In this law, the army chief automatically becomes head of ISOC. The chief of the Army general staff heads up the ISOC secretariat. The regional Army chiefs become the ISOC regional heads. The whole point of the bill is to give more powers to the Army and especially the chief.

    Full story: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2007/07/09...on_30039905.php

    This is on top of:

    Revamped ISOC will be empowered to direct NCCC, DSI and AMLO to fight security threats, monitor govt

    source: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/search/pag...date=2006-12-12

  17. Section 17, deals with respect to a person who has Thai nationality, by reason of his having been born within the Thai Kingdom of an alien father. There have been occassions in the past when Thailand has allowed children born of alien fathers the right to Thai nationality, this is because Thailand's borders are not static, and throughout the years areas of land have been ceded to Thailand from neighbouring countries. Citizens within these areas have been allowed to maintain their original nationalities, however their children have been granted Thai nationality with respect to a person who has been born within the Thai Kingdom of an alien father.

    interesting...is this a personal interpretation or did you read it somewhere?

    I believe that this interpretation was from:

    Act on Determination of Nationality Resulting from Change of Territory between Thailand and Burma along Pak Jan River, B.E. 2479 (1936)

    This act is still valid. A copy of which, (in Thai) can be obtained from the Thai Law reform commission website:

    (http://lawreform.go.th/lawDocumentDetailTXT.jsp?groupID=1&groupType=L).

    If I have misintepreted it then I would be grateful for a correct interpretation. Thanks

  18. You guys are thinking way too much this afternoon. You are worrying about stuff that isn't going to happen. Drink less coffee, hydrate with fresh water, and walk in the morning or afternoon and enjoy a bit of nature. Your child is not going to be stripped of his Thai citizenship.

    Well said...

    The most important part for foreign Fathers and Mothers in the Nationality Act is:

    Chapter 1. Acquisition of Thai Nationality

    (1) A person born of a father or a mother of Thai nationality, whether within or outside the Thai Kingdom.

    Section 17, deals with respect to a person who has Thai nationality, by reason of his having been born within the Thai Kingdom of an alien father. There have been occassions in the past when Thailand has allowed children born of alien fathers the right to Thai nationality, this is because Thailand's borders are not static, and throughout the years areas of land have been ceded to Thailand from neighbouring countries. Citizens within these areas have been allowed to maintain their original nationalities, however their children have been granted Thai nationality with respect to a person who has been born within the Thai Kingdom of an alien father.

  19. In hindsight my original question wasn't worded very clearly I guess.

    * There will be a referendum on the proposed constitution as written by a number of people appointed by the military.

    * IF this gets voted down or is boycotted to the point of being invalid, what then will happen, to the constitution drafting process and especially what effect would that have on the upcoming elections?

    Basically there are a lot of grey areas.

    What has been announced so far is:

    1. In order for the referendum to be valid, no less than 10% of people who have the right to vote in an election must cast their vote.

    2. If the referendum rejects the proposed draft then the 1997 Constitution will be the basis of any future Constitution.

    3. The referendum will have three options, Yes, No and No Vote.

    The grey areas are:

    1. The 2006 Interim constitution states what will happen should the majority of people vote either for or against the draft, but with a "No-Vote" option being available, it doesn't state what will happen should neither a Yes or No vote get the majority.

    2. Once the draft has been completed the CDC has 45 days to re-write the necessary Organic laws, following which, the NLA has 45 days to finish it's consideration of new Organic laws (Election of Members of the Houses of Parliament and Senate, Political Parties and the Election Commission) The drafting of Organic laws are due to start on July 5th. No mention is made of what happens should the NLA consider the proposed Organic laws, unreasonable, illegal or un-constitutional. Obviously no election can take place until the Organic laws have been passed and published in the Royal Gazette.

    3. Whilst the government has announced that the 1997 Constitution will be the basis of a new Constitution should a majority of people vote against the draft, no mention is made on time frames in the 2006 Interim Constitution on drafting new organic laws, which will be needed if they change any aspect of the political make-up.

    4. Obviously with the April 2006 election made void mainly due to the lack of time for the opposition parties, very careful consideration will be required on when to hold the next election. No political party is going to begin campaigning for the next election until the organic laws are published, in case they run foul of the new laws.

  20. Thailand plans to import a generic version of the heart drug clopidogrel, marketed as Plavix, from an Indian drug maker next month as price negotiations with patent holder Sanofi-Aventis have shown no signs of progress.

    In the World Trade Organization rules it clearly states that a nation may produce the drug in the case of a national emergency for domestic use but is prohibited from manufacturing for export. I hope the trade sanctions are stiff and carry no exception.

    A company or other institution that locally produces generic versions of patented products under a government-use provision or a compulsory licence may export a portion of its output. This is permissible under the TRIPS Agreement, subject to certain restrictions. The ability to export can be significant to a producer, as it may need a larger market (beyond the local market, which is restricted, for example, by population size or by the limit of local demand) in order for its production to be economically viable. An unrestricted ability to export allows for better economies of scale (as per-unit costs are reduced when output increases).

    However, there are restrictions on the quantity the drug manufacturer (under government use or compulsory licence) is allowed to export. The quantity allowed for export will partly depend on the grounds on which the compulsory licence was issued. The restriction arises because TRIPS Article 31(f) requires that the production under government use or compulsory licence shall be “predominantly for the supply of the domestic market”. This would mean that the compulsory licensee’s manufacturing output must be predominantly for the supply of the market in which he is based. This, in theory, could mean that only a maximum of 49% of the total manufacturing output can be exported.

    source: http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/chapter3.doc

    Additionally, the EU are trying to get Article 31(f) altered so as to allow countries with no manufacturing facilities to issue a compulsory licence, and for the manufacture to be carried out in a 3rd country

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