AyG

Seems ill-conceived to me.

The body is going to be breaking down muscle, rather than burning fat.

Starve yourself all day and binge on 2000 calories between 6 p.m. and midnight is going to mean a massive spike in blood sugar resulting in fat being deposited, rather than burned - particularly because you're then going to go to sleep and be inactive.

Nam prik maeda looks insane!!!!

By the way, it's called "M(a)eng-Da". With the "ng"-sound, as that's short for "Mal(a)eng", meaning bug/insect.

Yup. Typed it wrong.

Maengdaa is actually short for malaeng daanaa, literally "insect plentiful in the rice fields".

The contents of the anal glands (only in the male - they're a sexual attractant) to me taste/smell like pear drops (ethyl ethanoate, or ethyl acetate as it used to be known). Not in the least distasteful - until you learn the source.

If there is no way to do in this Thailand - how about in Hong Kong?

Most of the big stockbrokers in Hong Kong or Singapore can provide online access to major US and UK markets.

The two US securities shouldn't be a problem. However, VOF is traded on the AIM and may not be available. (I know that Saxo in Singapore can't trade it. I suspect that others are the same.)

TD Direct International (formerly Internaxx) in Luxembourg would definitely allow you to buy all three.

Just one point to look out for: what is the withholding tax rate on dividend income for US securities? With Saxo it's 30%, but with TD it's only 15%.

Personally, I keep my US ETFs and minor UK market securities in Luxembourg (despite the higher brokerage charges) and everything else in Singapore.

It's difficult to get a sense of scale from that picture. What's the diameter of the fruit, roughly?

Not the cheapest, but the best quality, range and freshness in my opinion.

- Spice Story (inside Gourmet Market at Siam Paragon).

- Central Food Hall

The Internet has virtually run out of regular IP addresses. What ISPs were supposed to do is migrate to IPv6 which supports vastly more addresses. However, this move is costly and few ISPs have gone down that route. Carrier Grade NAT is a cheaper alternative, allowing multiple users to share a single old-style IP address. However, this immediately creates problems for any peer-to-peer applications such as online gaming, peer-to-peer messaging, torrenting and even FTP. It's quite probable that the VPN problem is caused by a poor installation of Carrier Grade NAT by the OP's ISP.

A fruit of "Citrus medica" can be up to 25 cm long and 4 kg heavy.

If it is citron, it won't make good eating. To quote from Wikipedia,

the citron's pulp is dry, containing a small quantity of insipid juice, if any. The main content of a citron fruit is the thick white rind, which adheres to the segments, and cannot be separated from them easily.

Probably not an actual lemon - lemons simply don't get that big - but a related citrus. Excluding the obvious (grapefruit, ugli fruit), could it be shangjuan?

I've just tried googling shangjuan, and get no response.

Do you mean the obvious one in Thailand, pomelo, in Thai som'o? The pomelo has leaves indented half-way up (please excuse me if other citrus also have this.... I simply don't know). The green of the skins lightens as it gets ripe, but never gets really yellow.

Shangjuan link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangjuan

Whoops. Som-o had slipped my mind.

Perhaps uploading a photograph of the fruit would help clarify things?

I had wondered whether the OP's "something similar to lemak in Chiangmai" could have been a kantoke dinner - rice with a number of small dishes served simultaneously is vaguely like nasi lemak, and the location is right.

Nam phrik is the generic term for a chilli-based dipping sauce. They come in a wide range of regional variations. They vary in texture from watery with a few bits floating therein to paste-like.

Particularly well-known are nam phrik kapi (with fermented shrimp paste), nam phrik ong (a Chiang Mai specialty with tomato and pork), nam phrik tai plaa (with black, rotted fish guts), and nam phrik maeda (with extract of giant waterbug anal glands). Most such condiments are used as a dipping sauce for raw or lightly cooked vegetables.

Nam phrik phao is often translated as "roasted chilli jam". It's normally used as a cooking ingredient - not a dip. It's available in jars in every supermarket in Thailand.

Probably not an actual lemon - lemons simply don't get that big - but a related citrus. Excluding the obvious (grapefruit, ugli fruit), could it be shangjuan?

If it is ebony, as yermanee suggests, then it is a very expensive wood. I have my doubts, however. There are two types of Ebony; African, which is found in Southern Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon and Zaire, and Macassar, which comes from the Celebes Islands, neither of which are likely to be exported to Thailand for construction purposes.

There is also Mun ebony (Diospyros mun) which grows in Laos.

Perhaps the OP could compare the grain with these samples: http://www.pinterest.com/wooddatabase/dark-woods/

ฬ represents the normal Pali and Vedic Sanskrit pronunciation of what in Classical Sanskrit is ฑ (tho montho) between vowels. (I trust Marvin Brown actually wrote ฑ and not ท.) An entirely credible scenario would be:

Yes, it should have been ฑ. My eyesight isn't what it used to be.

So, when J. Marvin Brown wrote "an aberrant dialect of Sanskrit" he meant Vedic Sanskrit? Odd.

Now, as for ฬ being Classical Sanskrit ฑ between two vowels. I searched a dictionary for all Thai words containing ฬ, and this was the list I came up with. (Unfortunately there are a lot of proper nouns containing this letter which aren't in the dictionary, so the sample is small.)

กักขฬะ rough Sanskrit: กกฺขฏ

กาฬ black Pali loanword, related to Sanskrit: กาลี also กาฬสินธุ์ Kalasin (lit. black Indus river)

กีฬา sport Pali loanword, related to Sanskrit: กรีฑา

จุฬา kite

ทมิฬ (1) cruel, Pali loanword, (2) Tamil

ปลาวาฬ whale Sanskrit: วฺยาล

พิฬาร cat Pali loanword

อาสาฬหบูชา the day before the Buddhist Lent

อุฬาร grand (and similar words with ฬาร) Sanskrit: อุทาร

โอฬาริก colossal Pali: โอฬาริก; Sanskrit: เอาทาริก

With three of them (กาฬ , ทมิฬ , ปลาวาฬ ) ฬ is in terminal position. How does that fit in?

Only three of them (กีฬา , อุฬาร โ, อฬาริก) fit in with ฑ -> ฬ, though กักขฬะ is close enough to be counted in.

As for Tamil, I guess it was easier to reuse an existing spelling than make up a new one.

Anyway, I'm left more confused than ever.

my doctor recommends another test first. you basically scrap a piece of fresh feces. the scraping is sent in to a lab for testing (traces of blood). If it is positive then you get the scope.....sound reasonable to me. I'm 51....

Same procedure at the medical center I go to (in the US); stool sample and test first.

The test (for faecal occult blood) will only come out positive if the polyp(s) or cancer are bleeding. By that time it might be too late. Incidentally, this test should be performed on multiple stool samples to catch any intermittent bleeding; a single sample isn't enough.

Conventional medical wisdom is to have a colonoscopy done at 50 and regularly thereafter, even in the absence of any symptoms.

I think if someone could be able to investigate the origins of the Hindi "vhel", then it's also most likely the same origins to the Thai วาฬ.

Hindi is not a language I particularly know. However, assuming Proto-Indo-European routes, then the PIE may be *(a)skʷal- or *kʷal-. This ties in very nicely with the Hindi "vhel", as well (possibly) with the Latin "squalus". (Source: http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/etymology.cgi?single=1&basename=/data/ie/piet&text_number=1050&root=config .) However, it doesn't tie in with the Thai วาฬ - it wouldn't explain the ฬ.

(To be honest, it seems more probable to me that it's from the Pali วาฬ, but who am I to disagree with the Royal Institute?)

Who indeed? but it would appear from your latest post that you have decided to abandon the Royal Institute in favour of Marvin Brown!

I'm sorry if you don't appreciate a British trait of writing tongue-in-cheek (เล่นๆ สนุกๆ ไม่จริงจัง). The RI can (and does) get things wrong. After all, it's provided two different etymologies for this word and (in my opinion) both of them are wrong.

I'm absolutely clear in my own mind that the word is not of Sanskrit origin (or, for that matter, of Dutch).

It's pretty much indubitably from a non-standard Pali dialect.

Also, put the Dutch on the list, they also call a whale a fish : walvis. (fish = vis)

That is where the Thais got the word from by the way: it's a Dutch loanword

The Thai Royal Institute disagrees with you. According to them it's from the Sanskrit วฺยาล.

(To be honest, it seems more probable to me that it's from the Pali วาฬ, but who am I to disagree with the Royal Institute?)

Perhaps the Pali วาฬ is also derived from the Sanskrit วฺยาล??

That had been my initial thought until I reflected upon the spelling of วาฬ. The use of ฬ in my mind clearly shows that the word is not of Dutch origin. (Had it been it would have been spelled วาล.) However, this letter is also not used to spell normal Sanskrit or Pali words. I then remembered that J. Marvin Brown had written about ฬ as follows:

Most cases of Sanskrit ḍ are pronounced th in Thai and written ... ท. A few are unexpectedly pronounced d, though still written ท. But some have come through an aberrant dialect of Sanskrit, are pronounced l. It seems that it would have been stretching things too far to write such words with either ท or ล, and a new letter was needed. This letter was ฬ.

(The same aberrant pronunciation also existed in Pali dialect.)

So, the spelling indicates that the standard pronunciation of the Pali word would be วาท making it most unlikely in my opinion that it came from the Sanskrit วฺยาล.

Actually, if the figures for the British version are correct, then, in fact, the british do use concentrate or what Americans, at least, call tomato paste. That's the only way that "Tomatoes (132 g per 100g sauce) makes sense.

Not really. Whilst the British version might use paste, it might also use tomatoes which are then boiled down to drive off water. The old advertising would suggest the latter. Either would account for the figures.

My copy of the RID doesn't show that the word for the ปลา whale comes from Sandscrit . If it is the case that the on-line copy is different from the 2542 hard copy you are discussing opinions which is futile.

The topic was , why does Thai call it a whales and dolphins fish and the answer is, as I have explained; Thai calls them ปลา not fish.

1. To quote from the RID (1982): วาฬ ๑; วาฬ- /วาน; วา-ละ-/ {Pali:; Sanskrit: วฺยาล}

2. It's Sanskrit, not "Sandscrit". Don't bother criticising if you can't even spell the language name.

3. Your "explanation" is not particularly helpful. Words have history and background. Some people are interested in these factors.

4. Topics develop. People explore related branches. Get over it. Your "explanation" isn't the last word in these matters.

5. And since when is "discussing options" futile? That's all we can ever do in life; there are no absolute facts.

Also, put the Dutch on the list, they also call a whale a fish : walvis. (fish = vis)

That is where the Thais got the word from by the way: it's a Dutch loanword

The Thai Royal Institute disagrees with you. According to them it's from the Sanskrit วฺยาล.

(To be honest, it seems more probable to me that it's from the Pali วาฬ, but who am I to disagree with the Royal Institute?)

Interesting! The same Royal Institute as this one?:

http://www.royin.go.th/th/knowledge/detail.php?ID=3558

ปลาวาฬ

คำว่า ปลาวาฬ คำนี้มาจากภาษาดัชต์สมัยกลางว่า walvisc (อ่านว่า วาล-วิส). คำว่า visc นั้นตรงกับคำว่า fish ในภาษาอังกฤษซึ่งแปลว่า ปลา. walvisc (อ่านว่า วาล-วิส) คือ ปลาวาฬ

หลักฐานเก่าแก่ที่สุดที่พบคำนี้ในภาษาไทย คือ วรรณคดีเรื่องสมุทโฆษคำฉันท์ ในสมัยอยุธยาตอนปลาย ว่า "ปลาวาฬไล่หลังครวญคราง". ปัจจุบัน คนไทยหลายคนมักเรียกสัตว์ชนิดนี้ว่า วาฬ เพราะคิดว่าเป็นสัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนม ไม่ใช่ปลา แต่ที่จริงควรใช้ว่า ปลาวาฬ เพราะ ปลาวาฬ เป็นคำเก่า ซึ่งสะท้อนการมองโลกของคนไทยว่า สัตว์ประเภทนี้เป็นปลา รูปร่างเป็นปลา มีครีบมีหางเหมือนปลา และอาศัยอยู่แต่ในน้ำอย่างปลา

(I'm sure you can read it, so won't bother translating it)

You're being a tad disingenuous. You missed off the attribution:

ที่มา : บทวิทยุรายการ "รู้ รัก ภาษาไทย" ออกอากาศทางสถานีวิทยุกระจายเสียงแห่งประเทศไทย เมื่อวันที่ ๑๒ ธันวาคม พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๒ เวลา ๗.๐๐-๗.๓๐ น.

This is folk etymology - not based upon any actual evidence. My source was the Royal Institute's dictionary which carries a little more authority.

There's (in my opinion) absolute no way the Thai has been adopted from the Dutch. If it had, the use of lor chula would make no sense - it would have been written with lor ling. Lor chula is pretty much diagnostic of this word having come from an Indic language.

you should just stroll around Bukit Bintang, Chinatown, and Little India. Just look for the busy places, but it is really hard to go wrong.

I can't but help think that is terrible advice.

On my last-but-one trip there we were wandering around Little India looking for a place for lunch. There was a very busy restaurant, so we went in. To put it bluntly, the food was execrable. Many (perhaps less affluent) locals value affordability over quality. A place may be busy because it has great food, or because it's dirt cheap. Do your research, and go up-market if you want reliable, good quality food.

Also, put the Dutch on the list, they also call a whale a fish : walvis. (fish = vis)

That is where the Thais got the word from by the way: it's a Dutch loanword

The Thai Royal Institute disagrees with you. According to them it's from the Sanskrit วฺยาล.

(To be honest, it seems more probable to me that it's from the Pali วาฬ, but who am I to disagree with the Royal Institute?)

That's just remarkable.

I always thought Thai got it from English. Looks like whale and วาฬ are false cognates.

Indeed. Whale is most probably cognate with the Latin squalus meaning a sort of large sea fish.

Wouldn't the simplest solution be to downgrade Chrome?

Also, put the Dutch on the list, they also call a whale a fish : walvis. (fish = vis)

That is where the Thais got the word from by the way: it's a Dutch loanword

The Thai Royal Institute disagrees with you. According to them it's from the Sanskrit วฺยาล.

(To be honest, it seems more probable to me that it's from the Pali วาฬ, but who am I to disagree with the Royal Institute?)

The incidence of colon cancer varies by nation but there is no nation or culture completely without it.

Diet is one risk factor but there are others, including genetics.

In black Africa it's a rarity they have less than 1 out of 100 000, and it's proven to be due to diet.

here is the data published by very serious US organization NCBI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10235221

I follow these dietary recommendations. So no camera up my bum, thank you very much !

The evidence that diet is involved is pretty much overwhelming. Negros in the United States have a much higher level of colon cancer than Caucasians living there, which must be accounted for by diet rather than genetics.

However, certain individuals are genetically susceptible to polyps leading to cancer, so however good one's diet, there's still a need to be "probed" occasionally.

You mean the very professional NCBI "forgot" about the guy who had polyps in their very thorough survey?

Polyps are due to diet too anyway

Sounds like face saving ...

Some polyps are due to diet. However, you might want to look up Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer, Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome and Peutz Jeghers Syndrome for a start.