A doctor in Chiang Mai has reported severe lung damage cases linked to PM2.5 pollution, including a 19-year-old tourist who developed acute pneumonia after visiting Pai. The patient, with no underlying conditions and no smoking history, required high-flow oxygen, antibiotics and steroids before recovering. Doctors said the illness was caused almost entirely by inhaling toxic air over a short period.
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On April 18, PM2.5 levels in Chiang Mai remained above safe standards, with dense smog covering large areas and reducing visibility. Authorities have issued warnings urging residents to avoid outdoor activities and wear protective masks as conditions persist. Efforts are ongoing to reduce pollution sources as northern Thailand continues to face seasonal haze.
Associate Professor Dr Atikun Limsukon, a respiratory and critical care specialist at Chiang Mai University’s Faculty of Medicine, shared details of the cases. He identified the tourist’s condition as acute eosinophilic pneumonia, noting elevated eosinophil levels following recovery. He stated the condition can occur in non-smokers exposed to high levels of toxic smoke in a short time.
A second case involved a patient with abnormal protein accumulation in the lungs, who typically requires lung lavage once or twice a year. Previously, the condition had not progressed to respiratory failure and fluid removed during treatment appeared milky white. However, less than two months after the last procedure, the patient returned with respiratory failure requiring intubation.
Doctors observed that fluid extracted during the latest treatment was red and blood-tinged, indicating severe inflammation and lung injury. This contrasted with previous treatments, where protein sediment was more substantial but less immediately dangerous. The presence of widespread bleeding suggested significantly more severe damage linked to recent air pollution exposure.
Medical experts warn that the current pollution levels may be causing more acute and aggressive respiratory conditions than in previous years. The strong smell of smoke reported in the area further supports concerns about heightened exposure levels. Health authorities continue to monitor the situation and advise precautionary measures.
The Daily News reported that officials are expected to maintain public health advisories while working to control pollution sources. Residents and visitors are urged to follow guidance to minimise exposure as the haze persists. Further medical monitoring will determine whether similar severe cases continue to emerge.
Picture courtesy of Daily News
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Adapted by ASEAN Now Dailynews 19 Apr 2026
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