Thailand is set to record the slowest economic growth in ASEAN in 2026, with GDP forecast to expand by just 1.8 percent, according to the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The weak outlook reflects the impact of the Middle East conflict, which has driven up energy costs and weighed on tourism, exports and domestic demand.
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In its April 2026 Asian Development Outlook, ADB projected Thailand’s growth would edge up slightly to 2.0 percent in 2027. The bank said the worsening conflict has added pressure to an economy already facing structural challenges, including high household debt and slowing consumption.
ADB said the regional shock is being transmitted through higher oil prices, supply chain disruption, tighter financial conditions, softer tourism flows and weaker remittances. Brent crude briefly rose above 100 US dollars a barrel after the conflict intensified on February 28, with risks centred on energy shipping and trade routes.
The bank warned that a more severe and prolonged disruption could cut growth across developing Asia and the Pacific by up to 1.3 percentage points over 2026 to 2027, while pushing inflation higher by 3.2 percentage points. Rising oil prices are also expected to increase costs for fertiliser, food, manufacturing inputs and transport.
Thailand’s economy grew by 2.4 percent in 2025, down from 2.9 percent in 2024, due to weak domestic demand and fewer foreign arrivals. Inflation averaged minus 0.1 percent last year, supported by lower global energy prices and state subsidies, but is now forecast to rise to 1.3 percent in 2026 as oil costs increase.
ADB said growth is being constrained by slowing tourism, fading export momentum and fragile domestic demand. It noted that part of the export strength in 2025 came from accelerated shipments ahead of US tariff measures, a temporary boost that is now expected to fade.
Tourism, a key economic driver, is also under pressure as geopolitical tensions raise travel costs, disrupt flight routes and weaken traveller confidence. The recovery in the Chinese market remains gradual, while competition from other regional destinations continues.
ADB highlighted household debt as a major constraint on private consumption, limiting spending power at a time when higher energy and logistics costs are feeding through the economy. However, it noted some positive signs, including a recovery in private investment and rising investment promotion applications in sectors such as electronics, electric vehicles, digital industries and renewable energy.
By comparison, ADB forecasts stronger growth in other regional economies, including Vietnam at 7.2 percent, Indonesia at 5.2 percent and India at 6.9 percent. This underlines Thailand’s relative underperformance within ASEAN.
The Nation reported that ADB warned that risks remain elevated, including prolonged geopolitical tensions, global trade uncertainty, tighter fiscal conditions and unresolved structural issues such as skills development and the transition to a greener and more digital economy.
Adapted by ASEAN Now Nation 11 Apr 2026
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