electau

"This means she can enter Australia for up to 3 months at a time" ...

does this mean that she can stay 3 months then leave country then come back and do another 3 months during the year?

Yes, for up to 3 months for each visit to Australia within the 12 month validity period.

The size of earthing conductor is determined by the size of the current carrying conductors. Normally 2.5sqmm is the minimum for an earth conductor unless it is laid up in the same sheath as the current carrying conductors.

In Thailand the earth conductor size is 1.5sqmm minimum for 2.5sqmm curent carrying conductor. This complies with Thai standards.

Here is a guide.

2.5 sqmm active, 2.5sqmm earth.

4.0 sqmm active, 2.5sqmm earth.

6.0 sqmm active, 2.5sqmm earth.

10.0 sqmm active, 4 sqmm earth.

16.0 sqmm active, 6 sqmm earth,

25 sqmm active, 6sqmm earth.

Minimum size of main earth 4.00sqmm.

Ref AS3000.

Otherwise as Crossy states, you should have no problems.

Your girlfriend has been issued with a multi entry 676 visa.

This means she can enter Australia for up to 3 months at a time. Her last entry to Australia must be before the visa expires, 1 year from date of issue.

It would be up to DIAC to issue a new visa in Australia, she would require compelling reasons. Very unlikely.

You will require the max demand in amps. the minimum metering capacity should be 15/45A . The consumers mains should be a minimum of 10sqmm.

From the "Application for Visa" form. Royal Thai Consulate-General, Brisbane.

Date of arrival in Thailand.

Traveling by.

Flight No or Vessels name.

Duration of Proposed Stay.

Date of previous visit to Thailand.

Purpose of Visit. [ Tourism][Transit][business][Diplomatic /Official][Other](please specify)

Proposed Address in Thailand.

Name and Address of local Guarantor.

Tel/Fax.

Name and Address of Guarantor in Thailand.

Tel/Fax.

Signature and Date.

Attention for Tourist and Transit Visa Applicants.

I hearby declare that the purpose of my visit toThailand is for pleasure or transit only and in no case shall I engage myself in any profession or occupation while in the country.

Signature and Date.

I just telephoned the Royal Thai Consulate in Brisbane and asked for their current requirements for a 60 day tourist visa and they advised that there were no changes to requirements providing you are an Australian citizen.

Flight number of the airline you will be flying into Thailand on OR a copy of your airline ticket.

There is a space on the visa application form to put the flight number.

Application by mail.

You should check to see if there is a service charge (THB per month). If no consumption is recorded on the meter for the month or the kWh consumed is less than the service charge you may not be billed for that amount. May depend on your electricity tariff and type of consumers, ie rural consumers, farms etc.

It is effectively a subsidy on electricity costs fiananced by the government. It would appear that the subsidy has now been discontinued.

And here is the current information from the Royal Thai Embassy ACT, Australia.

http://canberra.thaiembassy.org/visa.html

One should realise that electricity will kill. Your nationality, race, religion, political views, country, breeding or social status will not protect you.

One can only minimise the risk. This is done by enforcing electrical standards, training and consumer awareness. It starts with the government and electricity authorities and regulatory agencies and one must also have the understanding of responsibilities and duty of care. Also a country requires a

a effective legal system to enforce laws and regulations without fear or favour.

Thailand is ,like many countries, not a "western" one. One travels to Thailand at his/her own risk.

Remember, life is dear, death is cheap.

It might make a difference if you are not a citizen of the country where you are applying for a tourist visa.

Here are the current requirements from the Royal Thai Consulate -General, Sydney, Australia.

http://www.thaiconsulatesydney.org/visa.html

Royal Thai Consulate, Brisbane.

http://www.thaiconsulate.org.au/

Note the 17 countries whose citizens have permanent residence status in Australia.

Here are some pics of my recent setup and transfer switch

Generator Pics

The inlet socket is a reverse pin one ( IEC type)?

Exactly which Thai Embassies and Consulates are affected?

Only the ones abroad it would seem.

Australia is not affected by the changes as the existing form for a visa application covers the proposed flight number you will be arriving on and there is provision for a Thai address. For most tourist visa applications this is not filled in because as a tourist you do not know where you will be staying on the first night in Thailand.

Question. Does this apply to embassies and consulates in Australia, New Zealand, Canada. United Kingdom and the United States for persons who are citizens of those countries?

Answer. No. there is no change. And there will be no change to many other countries.

Exactly which Thai Embassies and Consulates are affected? Countries that are adjacent to Thailand perhaps?

From the MFA document it refers to 19 specific countries only.

It is impossible to prevent an electric shock, one can only minimise the risk and the effects of electric shock. An electrical installation shall be free of electrical risk as far as is practicable.

A voltage of less than 50VAC can be sustained indefinitely under normal circumstances, 25VAC or less in damp conditions, (IEC61200-413)

Any voltage over 50VAC is recognised as a hazardous voltage under normal circumstances. (IEC).

In the case of cardiac arrest, CPR must be commenced immediately. The survival rate for just CPR is about 1%. With a defibulator it is about 15%.

Cardiac arrest can be caused by electric shock, poisoning or drowning.

With electric shock, the victim must be removed from the source of electric shock with out causing harm to the rescuer. The person commencing CPR can call on any member of the public for assistance. An ambulance must also be called.

Unfortunately, in Thailand very few persons understand CPR and basic life support.

Due to the circumstances it is very unlikely that the victims life could have been saved.

Responsibilty for the accident lies with the building owner in the first instance. A formal investigation by the PEA would need to be carried out first.

One made a mistake in previous post.

Try Clipsal (Thailand) at this website http://www2.clipsal.com/cis/technical/contact_us/office_locations/international/thailand

Supercheap in Phuket, Panasonic is fine. 2/3 or less than Homepro

600watt dimmers at 99 baht as i recall, have 2dusin of them loaded with max 320watt each, still fine 4 years later

same for copper and pvc conduits

Try Clipsal (Thailand).

http://www2.clipsal....tional/thailand

The fatality occured due to failure of insulation due to the ingress of water in the fitting causing the touch potential to rise to a hazardous value adjacent to the fitting.

There will be no investigation into the death, there will be no autopsy and the death will be put down most probably to , to use the western term, " death by misadventure"

The electric shock, mA x time in seconds would have caused cardiac arrest in the victim.

Some people mentioned that people died from electrocution in swimming pool in Thailand. I read the shower heat accident before, but how do you get electrocuted in swimming pool in Thailand?

Rip to the kid. Lesson learnt: We need to be aware of our surroundings.

By electric current flowing through the body. Current in mA x time in seconds.

Again installing RCDs would have prevented this fatality. Equipotential bonding also minimises the risk of differences in potential through the water within the defined areas of a swimming pool.

An RCD installed supplying the socket outlet would have protected the person receiving the shock from cardiac arrest.

Secondly the outlet should have been a weatherproof type.

The owners knew they had a problem and did nothing about it. Typical of the safety culture in Thailand, they most likely had no public liability insurance anyway.

and as the unit price goes up according to total consumption at each PEA meter, two meters electricity will always cost less

Good point

Not quite correct, there may be 2 service charges instead of 1.

Depends on if you have a fixed tariff ( fixed charge per kWh or a two part tariff).

If you have sub meters that are not owned by the PEA you will have one service charge and the consumption in kWhs is recorded on each sub meter and then deducted from the readings of the PEA meter.

With FTTH/FTTP a network termination device is required, this enables the consumer to access high speed broadband and also make telephone calls. The network termination device requires a power supply. It will be the way of the future but perhaps not in the future in Thailand. It requires a very large capital outlay.

To be successful fibre optic cabling requires installation on a national basis, it replaces the twisted pair copper lines. It can be interfaced with 4G wireless mobile networks to lower costs to remote areas. It has speeds of up to 100Mbits.

Just a note on wiring (cabling). You should use a high quality RG/6U coaxial cable and F type connectors.

As Crossy states, the neutrals are switched. Black is the line (active) conductor, white (or grey) is the neutral conductor.

The switching must be in the line (active) conductor. There must be no switch in the neutral conductor unless the line and neutral are switched simultaneously, ie, double pole switching. Switching in the neutral only can cause a hazardous situation.

It is a common electrical defect in Thailand caused by not carrying out polarity tests.