electau

She will have great difficulty satisfying the 'genuine visitor' criteria after the expiration of her current 12 month tourist visa if she were to reapply for another one. DIAC will take the view that she trying attempting to obtain de-facto permanent residence through multiple tourist visas.

Limited information provided by the OP, but if you were both able to satisfy the de-facto relationship requirements (at time of application) she may be eligible to apply for a partner visa. Does she have Condition 8503 attached to her current visa?

Note a polygamous marriage is where a person has two concurrent de-jure marriages. Notwithstanding that she is still legally married to her English husband it does not prevent you from being in a de-facto relationship with her. However, you will have to evidence that your relationship is genuine, continuing and mutually exclusive (Regulation 1.15A of the Migration Regulations 1994). IMHO this may be a big hurdle.

Lastly did she mention on her prior tourist visa applications that she is married?

She should divorce her English husband first before applying for a 309 on a "defacto basis".

It takes a very brave man (person) to commit suicide. A persons life belongs to that person and to no one else.

An electrical installation must be free of electrical risk as far as is practicable. That the effects of likely harm to persons or property is minimised. AS3000 achieves this result.

And in Thailand AS3000 can easily be adapted for the TT or IT systems as follows.

1. On TT and IT earthing systems DO NOT install the MEN link, and on ALL final subcircuits, using the TT or IT systems, RCDs. must be installed.

All the existing requirements of AS3000 can be maintained. Earth fault protection times have not been compromised.

Actual standard wiring practice and how it can be implemented in Thailand is what is required.

Most of the discussions involve earthing and installation of RCD/RCBOs.

No problem with Skype VoiP on computer. Land line the same , no problem to contact Thailand. Am using Singtel-Optus as carrier.

Have you dialed the correct international IDD 0011 first then the number without the (0).

Below is a recent post from another thread: Dual Citizenship? - Thailand Forum Does this reflect a change in official interpretation by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or just another ignorant Thai civil servant making up the rules as they go along?

Posted 2010-06-16 16:38

"A friend of ours recently obtained Australian citizenship. She was contacted by the Thai consulate in Brisbane today and informed that the rules have changed and she now has to choose Australian or Thai citizenship, she can't keep both."

Have you more detail on the above?

The Royal Thai Consulate in Brisbane is an honorary one only. The Royal Thai Embassy is in the ACT. Was the contact by official letter?

Many Thais in Australia have dual citizenship and use their Australian passport to leave and return to Australia and their Thai passport to enter and leave Thailand. Thai passports can be renewed at the Royal Thai Consulate- General, Sydney or the RTE in the ACT.

Otherwise the Thai passports can be renewed at the MFA in Bangkok.

Australia does not notify a foreign consulate or embassy if one of their nationals obtains Australian citizenship.

A basic standard for Thai residential electrical installations is required and AS3000 is most probably the best standard to base it on as it maintains alingment with IEC6036 developments at the level of essential safety. It also provides a mechanism for acceptance of alternative design and installation practices that are not addressed in AS3000.

There is no one "right" way to do the job,

Best single piece of advice I have ever read on DIY forum.

"Best Practice" yes - but differs according to customers installation.

There is only one "right way" and that is the one that complies with the wiring standard that is currently in use, AS3000 or BS7671 or IEC60364 as applicable. That is why one has to be able to interpret the requirements. There are of course some local requirements that have to be complied with.

Problems arise because of the fact that there is no recognised Thai Standard on electrical installations.

So to obtain compliance we use one of the above standards.

The Electrical Safety Council have a useful document with clear diagrams http://www.esc.org.u...stry/E45-25.pdf

They also have other handy documents for download, well worth a look http://www.esc.org.u...ice-guides.html

There are differences in the practical application of the TN-C-S (MEN) in the UK and in Australia/NZ. which have to be recognised.The TT system is also used as well as the TN-C-S in the UK, in Australia the TT system it is not used. There are exceptions but they fall under AS3007.

Electau. If you use a. b. c. d. or put a space before the ) then you should have no problem

You can also use list tags in the Full Editor, use [list=A] for alphabetic or [list=1] for mumeric :-

[list=A]
[*]Item 1
[*]Item 2
[*]Item 3
[*]Item 4
[/list]

Gives:-

1. Item 1
2. Item 2
3. Item 3
4. Item 4

Thanks for that info Crossy.

The third picture shows an earth rod of 2.4m length dug 0.3m in the ground. I have previously on TV been advised that the rod, according to AS3000 that is, should stick 0.3m above the ground so clamped earth wire is visible, where the above ground part be painted with acrylic paint.

Can someone clarify this please.

Under AS3000/2007 rule 5.5.1.2 Conection to earth electrode.

(a) be accessible for visual inspection and for the purposes of testing; and

( be made by means of a suitable device in accordance with the manufacturers specification that provides adeququate electrical conductivity; and

© provide protection against mechanical damage likely to occur to the main earthing conductor or the connection to the electrode at the location, in accordance with clause 5.5.5.2; and

(d) be suitably protected against corrosion in accordance with clause 5.5.5.3

NOTES:

1.Where necessary, access by means of an underground pit with its cover accessible above ground is considered acceptable, provided adequate space is available for the connection of test leads and the pit is suitably identified as to its purpose.

2.Where reinforcing steel is used as the earth electrode, this testing condition is deemed to be satisfied by the provision of a test point on the main earthing electrode.

Should read a b c d and no smileys can not get rid of them

Here is an interesting article for what it is worth from the SMH Australia .

http://www.theage.com.au/world/chinese-general-backs-the-american-dream-20100811-11zsr.html

I don't know if I should have started a new post with this, but I guess this is as good of a place as any.

When I was trying to figure out what type of Squre D CU I should use I took contact with Schneider Electric Thailand (S.E.T).

I was thinking about Crossy's split service unit. The good people of S.E.T had no idea what I was talking about and wanted me to send them a diagram.

I hope you don't mind Crossy, but I sent them a copy of your split service unit.

We all remember what that looks like. Any how S.E.T sent me back a slightly different configuration with 2 CUs side by side. Note that they have the incoming neutral connected to the ground bar first.

What do you guys think about this?

The first diagram is correct, and would comply with AS3000 and BS7671.

The second diagram does not comply for the following reasons.

1. The Main Neutral must be connected to the main neutral bar not the earth bar

2. The Main Earthing conductor to the earth electrode must be connected to the main earth bar.

3. The MEN link must be connected at only one point, that is between the main neutral bar and the main earth bar.

The third diagram does not comply for the folowing reasons.

1. No earth bar

2. PE conductors connect to the neutral bar.

3. No MEN link.

4. Main earth conductor termination at earth electrode should be readily accessible for inspection and testing purposes.

That third diagram is not very clear with the actual circuit connections.

No the Chinese did not lose in Korea, they withdrew as neither the USSR or China wanted another WW.

And the US did not want to be involved directly with the USSR in the Vietman war because this would have happened if they decided to win.

With WW2 Great Britain and the Empire with the US had to win, there was no other option.

What is mistaken for "racism" is actually, Nationalism. Thais are proud of their language and culture.

What is mistaken again for "racism" is cultural differences.

Discrimination, is another matter altogether, it can be positive or negative, and is an individuals right, and a right of any government.

Germany and Japan lost WW2 because they did not achieve their original objectives. France (Napoleon) lost for the same reason.

The US withdrew support for the south in the Vietnam War as they knew they could not win. The North Vietnam won their objective.

North and South Korea are still technically still at war with each other.

North Vietnam was supported by the then USSR, South Vietnam was supported by the US and its Allies. It was to become a "limited war" such as the Korean war.

A "proxy war" between the superpowers.

And the purpose of the concept of "limited war" was to prevent a WW3 situation.

China lost to the major imperial powers in the 19th century, and was humiliated by this. they are not going to let it happen again, and to this day that background forms a major part of their foreign policy.

naiharn,

Let me give you an example of what many visitors to Thailand would do irrespective of what visa they hold.

Enter the country and fill in the TM6 form, the passport holder may or may not fill in the address information.

Passport holder checks in at a hotel and may check in and out of many hotels in Thailand, and all the passport holder fills in the form given to him when he registers, name , nationality and passport number plus visa type and number if applicable.

The passport holder does NOT report to the local police station at any time during his stay in Thailand.

When the passport holder departs immigration removes the TM6 card.

Yes, if you have temporary residence on an extension you would still report every 90 days as required.

From your interpretation just about every visitor to Thailand is in breach of the law, including yourself.

The source of the article in the SMH came from their reporter in Bangkok.

Where he obtained that information is unknown. The accuracy of the report has not been verified.

It did not come from any Australian or Qld goverment source.

China 2010 is at the point where Japan was in 1931 and Germany in 1937.

It wishes to be a world power. It has first strike capadbility. They are Communist. They do not believe in democracy as practiced in the West. They support North Korea, they want the US out S Korea. They want resources ie minerals and food and they will stop at nothing to get it.

China does not have to concern itself with such matters as "human rights" to a Communist the end justifies the means.

Want some schools, hospitals, roads and electricity? China will supply the funds all they will ask for is your mineral and food resources and they will control your goverment indirectly, money will buy influence anywhere and that includes the West.

And yes they do seem to have the best economic system but how long will it last?

Afganistan may form part of a long term (in the future) strategic plan for the West.

One only has to look at the investments in Australia by China.

It is very much how the regulations are interpreted.

Immigration wants to know your permanent address in Thailand. This is the one you must supply to immigration. If you stay at a hotel you have not changed your permanent address.

When I go to Thailand I always advise of my permanent address ( of my wife) on the TM6 form. My permanent address is the one on the current TM6 form.

If you are a tourist and do not know where you will be staying you leave the address blank on the TM6 card as it is the hotels responsibility to note your passport details. A tourist strictly does not have a permanent address in Thailand.

And if you are living in Thailand on extensions , yes you will notify immigration of your current address every 90 days.

I see the interpretation as if you have your permanent address as on your TM6 form and you are staying at that address your wife would not have to report. One needs a definition of "permanent address" as applicable to Thailand.

Electau, I recommend you read the actual law which can be found at http://www.thailawfo...aw-mejesty.html

Do you have permanent residence?

Unless you have permanent residence, I think your interpretation is extremely dubious.

The law makes a distinction between 'temporary visitors' and aliens with 'permanent residence'.

If you don't have permanent residence then you are considered a temporary visitor, and section 37 applies, including the follow:

"(the alien) Shall notify the police official of the local police station where such alien resides, within twenty four hours from the time of arrival. In the case of change in residence in which new residence is not located the same area with the former police stations , such alien must notify the police official of the police station for that area within twenty four hours from the time of arrival."

and

"If the alien travels to any province and will stay there longer than twenty four hours , such alien must notify the police official of the police station for that area within forty eight hours from the time of arrival."

It is pretty clear from this text that you do have to notify the authorities when you go changwat hopping, and stay in hotels, even though your 'permanent address' has not changed. You might make an argument that the hotels are notifying the authorities for you, but that is not how the law is worded.

If you have permanent residence then there is no mention of obligations like these.

The term "permanent address" is the address of my wife in Thailand. The address which I give on the TM6 card.

However if you do not have an address eg a tourist, you would leave this part of the TM6 card blank.

Permanent address does not mean that one has permanent residence. You can be a temporary resident and still have a permanent address. The address which you will normally live at while in Thailand.

If this law is so important why is it that all visitors are not advised of the requirements 1. on arrival in Thailand and 2. Through Thai consulates and embassies overseas?

And one is trying to interpret the regulations which have been translated into English and when reading English one has to be wary of literal translations.

Earth fault clearance, an example.

A 20 amp MCB standard C curve must trip in less than 0.4secs with a fault current of 7.5* 20A which is 150A. ( AS3000)

The max total earth fault loop impedance must not exceed 1.53ohms and can be easily obtained using the MEN system as the fault current returns to the source by way of the consumers neutral and distribution neutral.

If however the TT system is used or the MEN link is removed ( which converts the system to TT) the earth impedance will no longer be low and may be over 100ohms. In this case the fault current would be 2.3A. which is within the normal operating parameters of the MCB.

To overcome this problem an RCD/RCBO is installed. A RCD will trip in less than 0.3secs on a current of 30mA.( AS3000).

With an IT system as may be used in many areas of Thailand RCDs must be used to clear earth faults as again the impedance to the source neutral is high. The RCDs operate because of the capacitive and general relative impedance of the distribution system itself and all installations connected to it.

(Remember Japan is one country that has influenced Thailand in many ways including electrical systems and distribution).

Good old Japan where they are running a 90 or 100 volt system.

Japan uses a 100V/170V 50Hz system. They also use 60Hz.

Japan would have influenced electrical design in Thailand between 1920 and 1945. Other countries such as Germany with the old VDE standards.

Thailand adopted the European electrical voltages and frequency 220/380/ 50Hz. The standard socket outlets were the 2 pin European (round pin) and the 2 pin flat blade type as used in Japan and the USA. Fused knife switches were the standard protective device. There was no concept of protective earthing.

I don't claim to be an expert though I did wire up my house.

If Neutral MUST be earthed as you claim why then would we need 2 wires coming into our house?

Live & ground would be all we would need.

I know Crossy talks about running a wire between ground & neutral in your CU or load center as I prefer to call it. He tells neophytes not to do it.

I'll stay with my discreet 3 wire system.

I am with electau.

IAW electrical standards, ground cannot be a load current carrying conductor. Ground is a safety conductor to equalize potentials and carry fault current to trip the MCB only. Therefore it's line (live), neutral, and ground conductors.

The general mass of what is termed ground/earth is inself too high a resistance to trip an MCB on an earth fault, this is the major disadvantage of the TT system. The MEN system does not have any fault current to earth as it returns to the source by way of the neutral conductor.

There is one instance where the ground /earth IS used as a return path and that is the 12.7kV SWER ( single wire earth return ) supply to a single phase 3 wire 240/480V typically 10kVA for rural supplies in some parts of Australia for farms.

It is very much how the regulations are interpreted.

Immigration wants to know your permanent address in Thailand. This is the one you must supply to immigration. If you stay at a hotel you have not changed your permanent address.

When I go to Thailand I always advise of my permanent address ( of my wife) on the TM6 form. My permanent address is the one on the current TM6 form.

If you are a tourist and do not know where you will be staying you leave the address blank on the TM6 card as it is the hotels responsibility to note your passport details. A tourist strictly does not have a permanent address in Thailand.

And if you are living in Thailand on extensions , yes you will notify immigration of your current address every 90 days.

I see the interpretation as if you have your permanent address as on your TM6 form and you are staying at that address your wife would not have to report. One needs a definition of "permanent address" as applicable to Thailand.

The overall impedance to earth on an IT system used as a distribution system will be low enough for an RCD 30ma or less to operate. But in Thailand it should be assumed that supply neutral is earthed at at least one point on the distribution system.

It might explain why RCDs in Thailand have adjustable sensitivity.

Schneider Electric (France) has some interesting information on the subject.

http://www.electrical-installation.org/wiki/Selection_criteria_for_the_TT,_TN_and_IT_systems

Thailand may have justified the use of the IT system before 1940 on the basis of economics,and the use of 2 pin socket outlets. But today they now have problems with the advent of 3 pin socket outlets. Thus they compromise by installing RCDs as the main protective device in the meantime on existing electrical installations.

(Remember Japan is one country that has influenced Thailand in many ways including electrical systems and distribution).

International LV Power Distribution.

Unfortunately in the absence of a common international power distribution system, it is important to understand that there are significant differences in the way power is distributed within many countries.

Here are the five most common variations.

The TN-C System has the neutral and protective functions combined in a single conductor throughout the system.

The TN-S System has separate neutral and protective conductors throughout the system. This system is used in 230/400V systems throughout Asia.

The TN-C-S System has the neutral and protective functions in part of the system. This is known as the MEN (Multiple Earth Neutral) System in Australia and New Zealand. The neutral is connected to earth at the main switchboard.

The TT system has the exposed conductive parts of an installation connected to earth electrodes electrically independant of the earth electrodes of the source.This system is also used in 230/400V systems throughout Asia.

The IT system has no direct connection between live parts and earth, the exposed conductive parts of the installation are earthed.

With the TN-C-S (MEN) system the earth fault path is from the point of the fault through the PE conductor to the earth bar at the switchboard through the MEN link to the main neutral conductor and to the source of supply. This is a low impedance earthing system

With the TT system there is NO link at the neutral and earth bar, in this case the fault path is not through the main neutral but returns to the source of supply by way of the main earth conductor, earth electrode and the general mass of earth to the source of supply. In most cases this resistance will never be low enough to allow a protective device such as an MCB to operate. An earth fault can cause the earthing system to rise to a dangerous potential ( over 50VAC) For this reason RCDs must be employed. This is a high impedance earthing system.

The IT system is also a high impedance earthing system and RCDs are required for protection from earth faults.

With the MEN system the current in the main earth conductor and electrode is minimal and can for practicable purposes be ignored. In the event of the main neutral failing or becoming open circuited the main earth will minimise the touch voltage to earth.

I