With still more that 30min of fuel left but burning fast the Pilot can declare "Minimum Fuel" and ATC will TRY to prioritise the clearance to land. With 30min or less, "MAYDAY Fuel" can be declared and any ATC MUST allow the airplane to land (in many cases even at an Army airport), then assessing any needed paperwork later once is safely down. This is what they did - I also see no drama but should have been avoided wit proper paperwork in place
I did stay in three condos in 10 years and always got deposit back in full. They might keep some last month unpaid bills or if something is damaged (e.g. furnitures, walls, floors..), but usually refund.
Don't overstay, fine and stamp on passport is the least of your problem, which might escalate if caught before Immigration. Get a 1900THB extension, you are still on time.
If you change airport and/or have to pickup and then recheck in your luggage - yes. If it is the same Airline, airport and luggage is checked in for final destination, no - just go to new gate before Immigration.
With a 5 years Thai driving license the international one will be issued in few minutes. I did it twice for trips in Australia.
Make sure your residence address is on the Work Permit. Mine for example it is not - so I had to go to the Immigration office to get one and had to go back to DLT on following day.