Err yes they can courtesy of Google AI Overview - but US Beef is not banned in Australia if it can be traced to be pure US Beef. US Beef is often crossed with Canadian and Mexican stock and lacks traceability thus problems in imports. Fun fact, before BSE, Australia did import some US Beef mainly for the restaurant chain Sizzlers. But price and also safety concerns have negated any exports since.
"BSE, or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (mad cow disease), primarily spreads within bovine herds through the consumption of meat and bone meal (MBM) contaminated with the BSE agent, a misfolded protein called a prion.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
The Cause:
BSE is caused by a prion, a misfolded protein that can induce normally folded proteins to become misfolded, leading to brain damage and death.
Transmission:
The primary route of transmission is through the consumption of MBM derived from infected cattle, which contains the BSE prion.
Contaminated Feed:
Cattle can become infected by eating feed that contains MBM, especially if the MBM contains tissues from other cattle that have BSE or scrapie (a similar prion disease in sheep).