The article makes no distinction on what constitutes ’harsh discipline’.
While they almost certainly come as a pair, physical violence and emotional violence are not the same thing nor do they have the same impact.
I doubt anyone can recall the pain of being hit as a child, whether by a parent, sibling, teacher, whoever.
But emotionally abusive scaldings leave a scar that lasts.
It’s not uncommon for adults to still wince at the recollection of cruel
words directed at them when they were children.
To my mind hitting a child and emotionally abusing a child with scaldings are two different things with very different impacts.
The latter, I feel, is far more damaging, yet it is the former that gets the attention.