nigelforbes

A normal AST:ALT ratio should be <1. In patients with alcoholic liver disease, the AST:ALT ratio is >1 in 92% of patients, and >2 in 70%. AST:ALT scores >2 are, therefore, strongly suggestive of alcoholic liver disease and scores <1 more suggestive of NAFLD/NASH. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609680/#:~:text=A normal AST%3AALT ratio,and >2 in 70%.&text=AST%3AALT scores >2 are,more suggestive of NAFLD%2FNASH.

That is not correct, rice production for example is spread fairly evenly throughout the country, except in the southern provinces which are dominated by other crops such as rubber and palm. The central plains are heavily concentrated rice growing areas, all the way down to the Bangkok suburbs, yet burning and pollution levels are much lower in those areas. https://www.nectec.or.th/ace2018/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/S01_AI_Dr.Noppadon.pdf

Trade is trade and conflict is conflict, many Eastern countries seems better able to separate the issues for the good of the local population. Attempts at global economic and trade sanctions are a fairly recent phenomena, historically, there have always been a majority of countries that will trade with aggressor or country that is perceived to be in the wrong. It's tricky, the world didn't sanction the US for invading Iraq, or take action as a result of the wars in Ethiopia or Yemen or the many conflicts in African countries, perhaps because they are mostly hidden from view and don't impact daily lives in the West. I'm not inclined to believe that Thailand shouldn't make trade deals with Russia, just because of the Ukraine conflict, after all, China is buying Russian oil, which until a year ago, Thailand was also buying, directly.

At 3:20am, most families everywhere are tucked up in bed.

Because the problem today is far far greater than it was one decade ago and massively worse than it was two decades ago.

Yes, they do need to do that. But you have to wonder about the scale of the problem when northern provinces have AQI numbers in the 5, 6 and 7 hundreds yet the rest of the country is substantially lower. Do the bad burners only live in the North or does pollution from the neighboring countries play a more important role in the North than in the South. As a northern resident of two decades, I believe the North suffers from proximity problems that are mitigated elsewhere in the country by distance and wind currents.

This is new to me also. I'm used to high peak temperatures but in a dry climate, Of late, even high 20's low 30's have seemed almost unbearable at times. I've read that this aspect represents high risk to the food supply chain in future years because agricultural workers will be forced to work restricted hours.

The danger lies not just in the temperature but in the wet bulb temperature. High temperature alone is not a big issue but when the humidity level is factored in, high risk exists at far lower temperatures which most people wouldn't normally consider dangerous. It's worth understanding the issue: https://research.noaa.gov/article/ArtMID/587/ArticleID/2621/Dangerous-humid-heat-extremes-occurring-decades-before-expected#:~:text=Around a wet-bulb temperature,F (26°C).

My house sits on the edge of thousands of acres of rice fields in Mae Rim, they stretch as far as you can see and beyond, the irrigation klong that feeds that land runs through our garden. Back to back rice crops is the name of the game here and NONE of the residue is EVER burned, it's all ploughed under. The fact is that rice chaff doesn't have time to dry out sufficiently well, to be burned, that's because the ground is needed to be flooded for the next crop. Rice seedling nurseries are started ion adjacent land at just the right time, this means that as one crop is harvested, the next is ready to plant one foot high plants, it's like a military timed operation, quite impressive..

I would argue that sugar, maize and forestry are the culprits, not rice. There are at least three rice harvests each year, two of them don't create pollution on the current scale. Pollution from crop burning is a problem at this time of year, because of the volume of burning but importantly, because of thermal conditions.

I never use 90 degree angles on anything that carries water, pump lines downspouts or whatever, friction impedes flow. Always better to use 2 x 45 degree, I think.

Your becoming confused on the graphs, the Trading Economics (TE) graph I posted shows inflation averaging just over 3%, NOT 6.3%, they are reporting core inflation, not overall inflation during specific months! And as said, your statista graph showing 2022 onwards are forecasts, not actuals. Food and energy costs are transient, they are variable over the course of the year, just because they are high some months, doesn't mean they will be the same all year long and carry through consistently to the GDP calculation at the end of the year. IF inflation in year 1 was 2% and then because of a natural disaster it spiked overall to 10% for part of year 2, it would be reported under your premise that inflation had increased by 8% during year2. But then, in year 3, inflation returns to near normal because there were no substantial spikes and it comes in at 2.5% for the year. Again, using your premise, inflation would have fallen by -7.5% and would be negative, which of course it was not. BOT's remit is to maintain core inflation in a target range of 1-3%, their remit is not to keep inflation overall, under a specific level because that is not achievable due to its inconsistent and variable nature. Suggesting annual inflation was 6% is like suggesting the daily temperature was 36 degrees, all year long, just because it was that for a few hours on some days! https://www.bot.or.th/English/MonetaryPolicy/Pages/OverviewInflation.aspx "In general, inflation can be calculated by comparing the current price of products and services to the previous year's price. The inflation rate refers to the average increase in the price of goods and services". NB: it does not say daily, weekly or monthly, the unit of measure is one year.

Goodbye and welcome to my ignore list.

Exactly.

I haven't assumed anything, I've taken the information or blurbs as you put it, from the "hospital" web site, four of the first doctors shown are from the same family. And I haven't disparaged anything, I've merely made some observations from the information from the link you provided, eg, the hospital uses a gmail email address. Once again, I'm happy that it worked out for you. My personal starting point for these things however is to research the best doctor or specialist I can find in a given field and to consult with them wherever they work. I live in the North of Thailand, last year suffered a torn retina that had to be lasered. I found a professor of Ophthalmology and retinal specialist to do the work. When complications arose I travelled to Bangkok to see Dr Roy at the Rutnin, arguably one of the top five ophthalmic surgeons in the country and western educated and trained. As part of that journey I first consulted with an ophthalmologist locally at a small private eye hospital here, the advice I was given was hugely inappropriate to the point of being unprofessional and very scary! That doctor wanted to perform 360 degree laser surgery on both eyes, which turned out subsequently to be totally unnecessary. The point here is that also was a small private eye hospital that somebody else recommended on a social network forum.

A specialist eye hospital that has a gmail email address and also does dentistry, how unique! And from the looks of the staff, most appear to be specialists who have consulting privilege's rather than being staff, It appears to me this is a small family run and staffed hospital, the top tier all having the same family name. I have to admit it wouldn't be my first choice to have someone operate on my eyes but I'm happy it worked out for you.

The TE graph is monthly where as the Statista graph is yearly, the latter is also a forecast for the years 2022 through 2027 as denoted by the asterisks next to the year. They both appear to be the same, up to end year 2021 where statista forecasts take over but TE continues to use core inflation. It doesn't make sense that statista would switch from showing core inflation to using CPI, on the same graph!

Perhaps start with land size, price per square meter or talang wa in the surrounding area. Then, use an average price per square meter to build new, something like, 15k per square meter for basic finish, 25k for medium finish, 40k for more upmarket finish. You may also be able to find some info from the Land Office, they will have a record of the last selling price of the property, not that it is too meaningful because people do cheat to lower taxes, but it may help.

Perhaps the poll could include some test questions, such as, are you handum, does your partner rate you highly in bed, are you very wealthy, that kind of thing.

Only if the poll uses IP addresses or similar and anyone on a VPN can't vote.

It may have been so for one or two months but the average over the year was much lower. Core inflation averaged just over 3% for the year 2022. https://tradingeconomics.com/thailand/core-inflation-rate

Your point is lost on the 95% of posters who aren't even in Thailand and probably have never been, except in their dreams.

"growth will come from stronger domestic private consumption and revival of tourism". This is why tourism is important, a stronger Baht is merely a bi-product of this.

I actually sort of agree with you, for once.

A valid point, duly noted. I think we're probably safe on this because the two rooms in question are a bathroom and a storage room so there wont be much by way of power etc or drilling of walls, at least there better not be!