Alan Zweibel

I decided to ask AI this question: Are there any peer-reviewed studies that show global mean temperatures have been consistently getting cooler since the KT event? Guess what the answer was? This is from Gemini 66 Ma (Million Years Ago): The K-T extinction occurs. 66 Ma – 50 Ma (The Warming Phase): Temperatures generally rose, culminating in a "Hothouse" state. ~50 Ma (The Turning Point): Temperatures peaked. It cited Zachos 2001/2008 and Westerhold et al. (2020). So for about 16 million years temperatures rose after the KT event.

Because it could only happen once? After that, God closed the door on that possibly happening again?

False. Is your information from the same source that led you to cite Paul Macrae? Here first is what AI says. I'll follow that up with links. Paleoclimatological reconstructions of the last 600 million years show a strong positive correlation between atmospheric carbon dioxide ( CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 ) levels and global temperature over long geological timescales, as both have fluctuated significantly. When CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 levels were higher, the planet was generally warmer, and when they were lower, it was cooler, a relationship largely driven by CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 's role as a greenhouse gas that traps heat. While this overall correlation is clear, the strength of the relationship varies across different time periods, and on shorter timescales, other factors can influence the relationship. Evidence from paleoclimate records Long-term trends: Reconstructions using data from sources like ice cores and fossilized plankton show that periods of high CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 concentration correspond to warmer periods, while periods of low CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 coincide with colder times. The greenhouse effect: Over millions of years, changes in atmospheric CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 have been a primary driver of Earth's temperature through the greenhouse effect. Varying strength of correlation: The relationship is not always equally strong across all geological eras. For example, some reconstructions show a stronger link in the Paleozoic and Cenozoic eras compared to the Mesozoic (the "age of dinosaurs"). Short-term variations and lags: On shorter timescales, like the glacial cycles of the past few hundred thousand years, the relationship is very strong. However, some data from the end of ice ages show a lag between rising temperature and rising CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 , as warming oceans release stored CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 into the atmosphere, which then further amplifies warming. Key points to remember Overall positive correlation: Higher CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 is consistently associated with higher temperatures and lower CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 with lower temperatures over the long term. Greenhouse gas effect: CO2cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 has a powerful influence on temperature because it is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere. Complex relationship: While the long-term trend is clear, the exact relationship can be complex and influenced by other factors, especially on shorter timescales. Here's the result of the latest research Study: Over nearly half a billion years, Earth's temperature has changed drastically, driven by carbon dioxide https://news.arizona.edu/news/study-over-nearly-half-billion-years-earths-temperature-has-changed-drastically-driven-carbon And here's a link to the abstract https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3705

And while it certainly did cause a period of drastic global cooling, I have never read that it caused the cycle of ice ages that we are now living through.

Oh dear, the KT event was 65 million years ago. Maybe you got your digits reversed.

According to paleo-climatological research, 56 million years ago CO2 levels were between 1200 - 1600 ppm Plants Stopped Thriving When Earth Warmed 56 Million Years Ago Around 56 million years ago, Earth suddenly got much hotter. Over about 5,000 years, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere drastically increased and global temperatures shot up by some 6°C. As we show in new research published in Nature Communications, one consequence was that many of the world's plants could no longer thrive. As a result, they soaked up less carbon from the atmosphere, which may have contributed to another interesting thing about this prehistoric planetary heatwave: it lasted more than 100,000 years. https://www.sciencealert.com/plants-stopped-thriving-when-earth-warmed-56-million-years-ago But thanks for sharing with us information from your gardening website.

Actually, I think the six conservative justices on the Supreme court should read and reread that poem. As of now, they seem quite intent on creating an imperial presidency.

The law as it's written now specifies intent. Bernie Moreno proposes to change that law. What's so hard to understand about that? Maybe in the very unlikely event that it got passed, the Supreme Court might find it violates the Constitution. But that's another issue.

Thomas Kuhn, an historian of science, wrote a book called the Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In it he said that a scientific revolution isn't complete until the last of the old guard has died. For over 20 years Lindzen has been making predictions that turned out wrong. He proposed a bet to another scientist that the global mean temperature would drop over the next 20 years. He got that one badly wrong. He also came up with a theory that increased cloud cover would lead to global cooling. In fact, cloud cover has decreased. He did good work once upon a time.

It's good to see the kind of sources you use in your arguments about climate change. Paul Macrae is just some journalist who put out his comments on the internet. I couldn't find anything he has published in a peer-reviewed journal.His claim about CO2 levels not been published in peer-reviewed journals. Clearly, you must have gotten this from some denialist website. Doesn't it bother you at all that denialist claim this kind of bilge as supporting evidence? Here's what AI has to offer about Paul Macrae: Paul Macrae is not a climate scientist; he is a Canadian journalist and author. The specific 2008 claim you are referring to—widely cited in online debates as "MacRae 2008"—was not published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Here are the specific details regarding who he is and the source of that claim: 1. Who is Paul Macrae? Profession: He is a former journalist and editor. He worked for over 30 years in media, including roles at the Globe and Mail, The Toronto Star, and as an editorial writer and columnist for the Victoria Times Colonist. Background: He holds an MA in English and taught professional writing at the University of Victoria. He does not hold a degree in climatology or a related earth science. Stance: He is a self-described "climate realist" (a term often used by those who reject the scientific consensus on human-caused climate change) and author of the book False Alarm: Global Warming Facts Versus Fears (2010). 2. Where was the 2008 claim published? The "MacRae 2008" citation refers to a specific graph and article published on his personal blog. Source: A blog post on his website, paulmacrae.com (also known as the "False Alarm" blog). Article Title: "We are a long way from global-warming 'oblivion'" Date: June 13, 2008. The Graph: The post features a graph titled "Global Temperature and Atmospheric CO2 over Geologic Time" (covering the last 600 million years). It overlays two separate datasets—often attributed to C.R. Scotese (temperature) and R.A. Berner (CO2)—to argue that there is no correlation between the two. 3. Context on the Claim The graph Macrae published in that blog post is frequently used in internet discussions to argue that CO2 does not drive temperature

What do you mean by how CO2 works? How it absorbs infrared rays and the re-emits them? Why would that be different in what you call an open atmosphere vs a closed one provided both are exposed to radiant infrared rays? And I'm a bit puzzled by your use of the word atmosphere. Here's a few definitions: Scientific meaning Gas layer: A mass of gases surrounding an astronomical object, held in place by gravity. Earth's atmosphere: The layer of gases (air) surrounding Earth, which provides oxygen, shields from UV radiation, and regulates temperature. It has distinct layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

Coast Guard Seizes Over 240,000 Pounds of Cocaine, Doubling Amount Interdicted Over Previous Year https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/07/15/coast-guard-seizes-over-240000-pounds-cocaine-doubling-amount-interdicted-over I looked for evidence that there has been a price rise in cocaine in 2025. Not much information except anecdotal which reports not much change. However, according to reports a lot more cocaine is being manufactured in Colombia. It's gotta go somewhere

You have every right to hold a baseless opinion.

bubblegum's comments about your vieiws are based on what you wrote. Yours about his views are just based on your own empty clichéd thinking.

There is nothing to stop Trump from pardoning him. It may be that venues outside of the US may claim jurisdiction but it might not be so easy to actually lay hands on him.

That's just the kind of reasoning that courts love.

It's an interesting question. Is stripping the citizenship of an American and leaving them stateless, the same thing as giving a dual citizen the option of choosing which citizenship they wish to keep? I would say that the former is a punishment but it's not so clear that the latter is. Still, in the unlikely event that the bill does make it into law and Melania and Baron opt for Slovenian citizenship, I hope the White House won't hide the two of them when ICE comes calling.

Ohio Senator Bernie Moreno plans to introduce legislation which would end dual citizenship by requiring citizens to declare their “exclusive allegiance” to the U.S... Both Melania and Barron Trump remain dual citizens of the U.S. and Slovenia, and would be potentially impacted by Moreno’s planned legislation. Melania, who was born in Slovenia, is only the second first lady born outside of America, after Louisa Adams, the wife of President John Quincy Adams. She was born in London in 1775. In her 2024 book The Art of Her Deal, Pulitzer Prize-winning Washington Post reporter Mary Jordan said Melania, 55, and Barron Trump, 19, remain dual citizens. https://archive.ph/9wJuI#selection-869.0-873.123 Clearly a case of divided loyalties. And these 2 security threats are allowed to roam the White House? At the very least they should be compelled to live half of every year in Slovenia. Which, from what little I know about that country, would actually be a pretty great deal.

I do get the message. Namely, you've got nothing.

Before you demanded absolute proof. Does this mean that you're shedding this criterion? If not, then it's just the same old nonsense from you.

As per usual just labeling. Clearly you have no answer for the fact that you demand absolute proof on a scientific issue when there is no such thing has absolute proof in science. That's what any rational thinker would call an impossible standard to achieve.

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP

You, on the other hand, have a wide and demonstrable acquaintance the eminent scientists from several scientific fields? And you base the validity of their research on your acquaintance with them? It is to laugh.

That's really unfair! I think a better description is "lemmings."

So there was election fraud! My apologies to Trump supporters. You were right after all.