konjianghai

http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=th&u=http://www.hedlomnews.com/%3Fp%3D2337&prev=search

http://www.louistheplantgeek.com/a-gardening-journal/632-jatropha-podagrica

Not ginseng for sure. But some how people mistaken for it. It's Buddha Belly. Compare real ginseng leaves to OP picture, it is not the same. Real ginseng flowers are white not red, when it turned into berries they are red color. While Buddha Belly have red flowers and the berries turned in green color. Any way, in several countries people used for medicine while it's toxic. So it seems this is how people in the Philippines named Buddha Belly for Ginseng, which is of course out for profit. Putting sap on small cut will not kill you. But never eat it or over used should be fine. The whole plant is poisenous.

http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/2445/#b

On Jan 13, 2009, lefthandedsnake wrote:

this is from the Philippine point of view.

It grows well, and can be brought indoors, thus making a great ornament. it is very easy to cultivate, and even a toddler could raise it (I started at the age of 12).

Warning: To the Filipinos who are reading this, please be warned that this is what Filipinos commonly know as ginseng. It's poisonous. It can do more harm to you than good. Please don't consume.

http://www.cropsreview.com/common-plant-names.html

Here is a factual example of how common plant names or common names can mislead:

In the Philippines, ginseng became so popular among men as a medicinal plant, primarily for its purported aphrodisiac property. It was even featured on a national television. The root is harvested from the base of the trunk downward, washed, and inserted into a wide-mouthed bottle with wine or liquor. Some use the stem and leaves.

But this ginseng is not the same as that world famous plant which belongs to the genus Panax. It is actually Jatropha podagrica, also known by the common names Buddha belly plant, gout plant and bottle plant. Just like physic nut (Jatropha curcas), also commonly called "tubang bakod," "tuba-tuba" and "kasla", and other plants of the genus Jatropha, all parts of the Buddha belly plant are poisonous when ingested. Jatropha plants may contain hydrocyanic acid (Begg and Gaskin, 1994).

How Buddha belly plant came to be called ginseng is difficult to establish, but it is believed that it started from ornamental plant nurseries which sell the plant for profit.

http://frynn.com/หนุมานนั่งแท่น

ว่านหนุมาน or waan hanuman

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatropha_podagrica

The original homeland of Daic people or Tai-Kadai speakers is in Guangxi and Guangdong in south eastern China. Note that not all Tai-Kadai speakers are of Tai-Kadai ethnic since some ethnic do live among the Tai-Kadai speakers there for the infuences is high. To anyone who is interested on this might want to search up on the internet for more informations, please look up at Daic/Tai-Kadai/Zhuang/BaiYue or hundred Yue. You should make connections with these. And if you want to look up further you will come across with Liangzhu culture.
Hope this help.

Linguistic studies would suggest China as the original homeland of the T'ai people, and there is no hard evidence to prove otherwise.
Before the 6th century BC when the Chinese first recorded their existence, all is conjecture.  Nobody knows.
The proto-history of Southeast Asian races is very well summed-up in D.G.E.Hall's  A History of South-East Asia [St. Martin's Press].
According to Hall, the theory that the T'ai originally came from Central Asia was put forward by westerners in the 19th century, based on racial similarities with other Central Asian peoples and native Americans, who are believed to have originated there as well.
That seems to be the most plausible explanation; at least until compelling evidence turns up to contradict it.
Thanks for your reply.
 

Yes, but that's 19th century, not now we live in 21th century. We have DNA test to emphasize new theories. Languages or physical changes over time but DNA tell more deeper of the origins, not that languages are less important.

To always compare appearances to look for similarities is for me sketchy. Since people who look totally different can still have more close DNA connection then their supposed kinship.

Works of Hui Li is a great evidence on Daic populations and on their immigration routes. In his research he took many blood samples from different ethnic groups and compared relations among them.
Tai people in northern Thailand (Khon Muang) today are of West group. Immigration into south east asia was just some 2000 years ago, quite recent.

http://comonca.org.cn/lh/doc/A08.pdf

Please read more info in the link below.
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060822

194 samples from four additional populations were genotyped in this study: Han (Yunnan), Dai (Dehong), Dai (Yuxi) and Mongolian. The results of genetic distance comparisons, genetic structure analyses and admixture analyses all indicate that populations from northern origin hypothesis have large genetic distances and are clearly differentiated from the Tai. The simulation-based ABC analysis also indicates this. The posterior probability of the northern origin hypothesis is just 0.04 [95%CI: (0.010.06)]. Conversely, genetic relationships were very close between the Tai and populations from southern origin or an indigenous origin hypothesis. Simulation-based ABC analyses were also used to distinguish the southern origin hypothesis from the indigenous origin hypothesis. The results indicate that the posterior probability of the southern origin hypothesis [0.640, 95%CI: (0.5240.757)] is greater than that of the indigenous origin hypothesis [0.324, 95%CI: (0.2110.438)]. Therefore, we propose that the genetic evidence does not support the hypothesis of northern origin. Our genetic data indicate that the southern origin hypothesis has higher probability than the other two hypotheses statistically, suggesting that the Tai people most likely originated from southern China.

Thank you for your reply and reading.

Konjianghai

The original homeland of Daic people or Tai-Kadai speakers is in Guangxi and Guangdong in south eastern China. Note that not all Tai-Kadai speakers are of Tai-Kadai ethnic since some ethnic do live among the Tai-Kadai speakers there for the infuences is high. To anyone who is interested on this might want to search up on the internet for more informations, please look up at Daic/Tai-Kadai/Zhuang/BaiYue or hundred Yue. You should make connections with these. And if you want to look up further you will come across with Liangzhu culture.
Hope this help.

If You only want to engage now why not just buy her a ring and a little amount of money on sinsod let say 50.000 baht and keep the party to just family and close friends.

Normally Thai engagement goes along with a wedding short afterward even at the same day. For this you have to pay lots of money for food drink, locations if you want to hold a party in a luxury hotel or cheap at home but then you have to set up tents, chairs ect... Plus paying for sinsod, clothings...you can sum all up.

Best to hold a small party, put a bit of money in, ring or juwelry, you can do cheap at your house have a feel of privacy or you can hold it in a resort/restaurant (rent out for the event) if it makes you feel more official/classy. It would suggest the latter because you then have a control of how many folks you want to invite, if you do at home maybe the whole village will come if they know and perhaps will feel like they are not invited so have some anger, a possible chance is there you know.

By that time you can save up more money for the real wedding, this will eventually cost more.

Dont' worry about saving face, saving face is not everything. If she understand it and don't mind about keeping the posh up for the sake of others. You should not be either but i understand you want to give her the best and showing her that by keeping the rest of the band happy to attent a weathly engament ceremony.

I guess if you look at the essential of this event, what the heart of this ritual is just to bond 2 person up, okay lots of stuff gets involved but then do these stuff last with you at the end? No, so, don't bother too much on objects. Commitment/love/trust and understanding is way more important to make love last.

I wish you lots of luck and happiness with the love of your life.

Thai websites. Maybe you might find something you wanted.

http://www.bamroong.com/

http://www.vitaminfast.com/

http://www.vitaminmore.com/

http://www.pharmacywecare.com/store/

http://www.vita-smile.com/index.html

A farm in Chiang Rai. The owner studied at Maejo University in Chiang Mai. Anyone interested can contact him for help or tips on how to plant the melons. Good luck to you!

http://www.chiangraifocus.com/forums/index.php?topic=369436.0

https://www.facebook.com/ozonefarm

A year or so ago there were all kinds of horror stories popping up about establishments being hammered by deals they made with Groupon that backfired and caused them to lose money. Did these kinds of things sort themselves out? I quit the site because in the end, it seemed that to participate I had to give yet one more company all my info and I'm just tired of that. Plus the daily mails were annoying.

I tried to check out Ensogo after seeing it mentioned here but a window pops up that I think is a sign up requirement before you enter. Since it is all in Thai, I never got to the actual site.

While living in Korea I actually used a groupon-like site a few times but I think the deals there were more oriented towards clearing inventory or had clear limited availability so they seemed to be better designed for the companies that signed up.

So has the online coupon market matured now?

http://www.ensogo.com/en/chiangmai/ just click on i'm already a member then the pop up will be gone. You can view the page, choose english and click at Chiang Mai at your left menu bar.

As i've found a message through FB today request a sharing newsfeed for help on blood O-negative.

The patients are university professors at Rangsit Uni.

https://www.facebook...16086681&type=1

Allen Carpenter and Ian Royle.

Ian Royle is now at Police Hospital right now and Allen Carpenter at Klang Hospital.

http://www.klanghospital.go.th/

Both are waited for blood donation. Even if you're not in BKK please go to your local hospital and donate blood with reference in their names.

To Allen Carter at Klang Hospital BKK and Ian Royle at Police Hospital BKK.

Thank you so much!!!

There has been a topic posted already please click at below for more information.

http://www.thaivisa.com/forum/topic/576708-urgent-blood-needed-for-two-english-professors/

Make it easy, visit the link.http://www.ethaimusic.com/loso/gep-daao-maa-hai-ter.html

P.S มีเข้าครอง should be มีเขาครอง...while at first reading i'm total messed up and couldn't understand what you were asking.

เจ้าอารมณ์ is best suited for correct Thai. To add นางเจ้าอารมณ์/สาวเจ้าอารมณ์ fit better for girl/woman.

Still Drama/Drama Queen is understood nowadays.

Different อู้ of Northern Thai, different tone and meaning.

อู้ in central Thai - dawdle

รักจริงไม่อู้

Don't dawdle on real love.

You have to work for it, dont waste time.

Same goes for saying when someone is not working for 100 % and tend to be slow, lazy people often said อู้งาน

Something like it. Hope this helps.

.

.

.

RIP Duke!

'Duke', Chiangrai United's general manager, passed away.

Always happy and inspiring to everybody who met him.

He finished his studies at Chula last year and was since

a couple of months at work for CRUtd.

A tragical car accident took him away, 24 years old.

He was a man with a clear vision. One of his new projects

was the foundation of a football academy for Chiang Rai.

As Duke will live on in our memories, so will also his

thoughts and spirit in the future of our club.

.

.

. . . . . . . . . . .

After our fans die a few months ago from the bus crash i was hoping we'll never have to face the lost again. Yet today it started all over, to loose a great member of the family.

May he rest in peace. He will always be remember.

In a cosmological related context its possession has become a requisite of a legitimizing

confirmation of worldly power. Therefore it is also now where it has been for centuries already

namely there where the Highest Institution resides. The fact that it gold clothings more or less

belong to the Royal Regalia supports this view.

But as Konjianghai already pointed out: its origine is here! The Chiang Saen style, embedded

in Lanna culture, indicates it clearly.

The find of such an uniquely sized piece of jade must have been perceived as a 'sign from above'

and he, she or those who decided to honor its nature by shaping it into a Buddha image have thus

chosen to add an enormous mythological power to it.

Early chronicles that could shade light on early Thai history are partly contradictory (depending

on the views of the person that ordered their writings), so legends had to explain and confirm

its historical relevance. However, the existing historical sources locate Chiang Rai as the place

where the Emerald Buddha was discovered (in 1434?).

The emerald became jade in the mean time and that will not be the end of the historical fact-finding.

It is great that Chiang Rai has been honored with a copy of the original image, blessed by

His Majesty The King of Thailand, an honor confirmed by His Daughter, HRH Princess Sirindhorn

when She inaugurated the new temple a few years ago.

Therefore I hold the opinion that the present Emerald Buddha of Chiang Rai may reflect the pride

of Chiang Rai for being the location where the one and only Phra Kaeo Morakot revealed itself.

Limbo

Thanks for your informative input Limbo. I think I've found myself completely by chance in 3 of the temporal houses of the Emerald Buddha - at Chiang Rai, Luang Prabang and Vientiane. In addition to the cosmological importance you refer to, the spiritual importance cannot really be understood by most of us fls I believe, including me!

Phra Kaew is not the same one of the legend. As art historians pointed it was of Chiang Saen Style. Perhaps people took the legend trying to matched up making this founding a mysterious story.

If it was of Indian origin then it should be Indian style.

My belive is that it was made here in Chiang Saen. Even we do not know who or where exactly created the statue or where or on what reasons the statue was kept hidden.

Perhaps on that period there was war. I'm sure it was hidden to protect from stolen.

People said who ever possess Phra Kaew shall be prosper. No wonder Lanna felt apart after Phra Kaew left with King Setthathirath. Vientiane was torn when Phra Kaew was taken by Siam. Siam still prosper because Phra Kaew is with them.

Anyway i rather want the original statue not a replica.

I guess this is the temple that housed the Phra Kaew (Emerald Buddha) that was removed to Luang Prabang and then to Vientiane by King Setthathirath of Lane Xang when he had suzerainty over Chiangmai and Chiang Rai in the middle years of the 16th century. It was subsequently removed by the Siamese to Bangkok after the Siam-Lao wars of 1827-28.

So that gives us two Wat Phra Kaews - one in Chiang Rai and one in Bangkok. Then there is Haw Phra Kaew ("Hall of the Emerald Buddha") in Vientiane - not called a Wat, I suppose, because there have been no monks there since the Siamese razed the city in 1828.

Perhaps, like the Greeks have petitioned the British government, the people of Chiang Rai should petition the Thai government to return their treasures to their place of origin.

That's what i always want to happen.

Yes, I don't have any Lao history texts here with me, so in the time available can only refer to Wikipedia, but it looks to me like Setthathirath went to Luang Prabang on his father's death and intended to return to Chiangmai. Having the Emerald Buddha with him would be some guarantee that he could do so. Anyway, it seems he changed his mind, or it was changed for him, and the people in Chiangmai got sick of waiting for him, so placed Chao Mae Ku on the Lanna throne.

I had always thought the Emerald Buddha was actually located in Chiangmai, but I guess Chiang Rai was part of the kingdom of Chiangmai/Lanna (unless there's another Wat Phra Kaew in Chiangmai, too!!).

Nope it's origin is native to Chiang Rai, statue is of Chiang Saen style. It was brought to CM since it's discovery. That's all. Should be home in CR not somewhere else.

@konjianghai

Would like every one to take a look at my clip.<br style="color: rgb(28, 40, 55); font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); "><br style="color: rgb(28, 40, 55); font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); ">http://youtu.be/U647N1QRRt4

And a beautiful clip of music at the end -- do you have more information on the song/singer?

Thank you The singer is ป๊อป ทศรรห์

song name is บ่าวเคิ้น if you want mp3 i can sent it to you.

http://www.salungkham.com/

There's no standard Northern Thai. Since people speaking all a little different. Hate to say it but it is.

All of those books were base on who knows which location. Chiang Mai or Chiang Rai or where ever?

There's no single standard for English, but we can usually say whether two words have the same vowel in most accents. All I'm trying to establish at the moment is sameness or difference of tones, not a description of tones. It does not matter whether a tone is the same as a Bangkok tone or as a Luang Prabang tone. (I do intend to ask about vowel lengths, but I would be completely unsurprised to find that there are big differences in some cases.)

To say in general i don't want people who wanted to learn taking anything literally on some of the textbook. What they need to do is learn to listen to the accents around them. Since those textbook are written in Thai alphabets. You could not have the exact written word for the sounds (tones).

What you certainly hope for from a writing system is it that will tell you enough to pronounce words once you have learnt the accent. The one major problem I am aware of is that one needs an extra tone mark. I'm pretty sure I've seen parentheses used to indicate the 6th tone. One could use underlining, and, if you are bold enough, Microsoft will now let you use thanthakhat. (I've seen materials for one of the minority languages that lists thanthakhat as a tone mark, for that is how it is proposed to use it - see p21 of Orthography Design for Chong.) The Tai Lue of Laos have a similar problem using the Lao script with roughly Lao sound values, and they have solved it by using the Lao mai chattawa alongside other tone marks.

So you trying to find the 6th tone mark by using thanthakhat based on Chong written system. ๊ is right for that 6th tone mark, it sound different then ้ anyway from my point of view.

Would it be more helpful if you use Diacritic when typing with Latin alphabets? I used to talk with other people if there is ever to invent new way of modernize Lanna language and to makeit simple for foreigners seems like this is the best way. Like Vietnamese for example. IMO would help out alot to speak the right tones and sound.

ONLY mid consonants can be written with ๊ and ๋.

All the short typed explanations I've seen of Northern Thai pronunciation use mai chattawa on dead syllables starting with high consonants - most notably the following:

พจนานุกรมล้านนา ~ไทย ฉบับแม่ฟ้าหลวง by อุดม รุ่งเรืองศรี - when naming the letters

Northern Thai Dictionary of Palm-Leaf Manuscripts - when giving pronunciations in the Thai script (it also uses the IPA, which avoids ambiguity)

ภาษาเมืองล้านนา ฉบับเรียนด้วยตนเอง by บุญคิด วัชรศาสตร์ - when naming the letters

If you write หม้ด, it would have been read exactly the same as ม่ด and obviously not correct tone.

...

มด is correct because it would be read with the same tone as the other words you listed.

This is where I am calling on your knowledge - it was conceivable that the word might have an unexpected tone. It is an inconvenient fact that correspondences can be unexpectedly irregular - think of the English vowels in 'mood', 'good' and 'flood' (these once rhymed) and the strange sound of 'u' in English 'bury'. A Thai example is that standard Thai for 'woman' is หญิง but the Northern Thai word is ญิง. Lao has both forms!

There are some odd tones in the Peace Corps dictionary - for example, the word for younger sibling is recorded as หน้อง, which implies the tone of words such as หน้า 'face', เสื้อ 'clothing', ข้าว 'rice', ห้า 'five' and ผ้า 'cloth'.

หน้อง, is like how i speak in short version or long version. Best word to spell down. I speak with 2 tones down.

หน้า speaking in higher tone then Central Thai try speak it 1 tone higher.

เสื้อ trying to speak 1 tone down with this.

ข้าว best to write as เข้า and speak Ouch but no ch...now as Kou with 2 tones lower and curl your sound a little

ห้า write as ฮ้า speak with 1 tone higher

Your dictionary has a peculiar way to write things.

They might as well have written it น่อง which would have been read exactly the same as หน้อง

I find it even stranger that they choose to write that word like this.

น้อง in muang is pronounced identical to standard Thai as far as I can tell (say).

You should consult with someone knowledgeable in written Thai that you trust so you can get your confirmation that ๊ and ๋ is only used for mid consonants. Never on high and low.

Also, ญิง in muang is always said with แม่ญิง which is equivalent to standard Thai ผู้หญิง

In standard Thai, you can say only หญิง depending on context, but in muang, as far as I can think of, it's always said as แม่ญิง no matter context.

Same goes for ผู้ชาย which is ป้อจาย

ญิง alone would also mean to shoot or ยิง in standard Thai.

น้อง in muang is pronounced identical to standard Thai as far as I can tell (say).

Is different on tones. As now modern Kam Muang like how we speaking today is under Central Thai influence. Alot, it effects our accent. Dialect of 100-200 years ago are so much pure then today.

I'm not sure from which province you're from and today i made a video about this word.

I never in my life speak น้อง in same tone like Central Thai. Maybe you do if you're from Chiang Mai.

Chiang Mai accent is more to Central Thai side.

Would like every one to take a look at my clip.

http://youtu.be/U647N1QRRt4

As many times we all know when using Thai alphabets to write Northern Thai it will never give the correct sound.

Look at how some of the members trying to suggest which way to best write down... some words can write many ways and sound the same. so is there any point to trying correct each other?

There's no standard Northern Thai. Since people speaking all a little different. Hate to say it but it is.

All of those books were base on who knows which location. Chiang Mai or Chiang Rai or where ever?

To us native speakers we know when reading how they sound.

For non native speaker they couldnt know unless they heard by ears.

To say in general i don't want people who wanted to learn taking anything literally on some of the textbook. What they need to do is learn to listen to the accents around them. Since those textbook are written in Thai alphabets. You could not have the exact written word for the sounds (tones).

Oh even some say we speak with 6 tones...look carefully up i belive we do sometime speak more to up our normal 8 tones.

Specially on Buddhist textbook or chanting. I'll try to look up for this.

guy how about this nothern use of ก๋า..? [บ่อห่านก๋า]

similiar right?

For all readers dont be confuse, this is not Standard Thai language, please skip it when you're not learning Northern Thai.

ก๋า = questioning = isnt?

กะ/ก่ะ = confirming = oh really

ก้า=wondering/thinking about something but not sure = i think/i guess/maybe

Examples :

บ่อห่านก๋า Dont you see it? <--- is asking you're not seeing it or something?

บ่อห่านกะ/ก่ะ Dont you see. <---not asking you but only confirm your action.

บ่อห่านก้า Dont think he/she see it. <---maybe/not sure he or she see it

ก้า can be as well as a question as well as not, depend on how someone is saying.

Another word people tend to use after ก้า is ห๋า to volume up and becomes like a question.

บ่อห่านก้าห๋า <---when these 2 are together is really a questioning either for the person who is saying (mostly wonder question for themself) or to other person (lesser).

Overall ก๋า-ก่ะ/กะ is similar to Japanese Desu Ka. Even with no question mark...it is a question.

Skip this standard Thai learners...this reply just for Northern Thai.

I forgot Northern Thai have ก่อ too is the same as ก่ะ/กะ/ก๋า. Question particle.

While central Thai have นะ and เนอะ. Northern Thai have similar but more.

Normal Tone นะ (central Thai) equal เน่อ (northern Thai) = ok

Higher Tone นะ (speak as น้า) equal เน้อ (northern Thai = ok/please

เนอะ (central Thai) equal เนาะ (nothern Thai) = isnt/Ok/right <---more as a question

Another word which i can find no similarity to central Thai is หน๋า in lower tone. หน๋า =please/question

Similar to หน๋า is หนะ. หนะ = really but more confirming then a question

แต้หน๋า = really really... something like จริงๆ in central Thai.

Keep in mind sometime you can mix it and it will be different, or depend on how someone is speaking to you.

Examples for those words/particle :

ขอหน๋า ใด้ก่อ ... = Can i have it please (?) Is it okay/possible (?)

อิดจั๋ยแต้หนะ = i'm really tired /fed up.

Nothern Thai is a very playful language. Beside these words people use อี้ as a question mark as well as refering to a person or talking about object.

Examples :

คนจะอี้ เป๋นคนจะได what kind of this person is like?

จะอี้ ดีก่อ Is it good/ok like this?

ของแต้อี้ For real? Really? It's true? (talking about an object or subject)

You can just use ก๋า-กะ/ก่ะ-ก้า-ก่อ-เนาะ-อี้ to answer or to ask a question.

Example to answer :

Your friend : หันคนเปิ้นว่า บ้านนิมีผี People said this house is haunted.

ํYou : ก๋า or กะ/ก่ะ or อี้ Really?

Example to ask a question :

You : เฮามาถูกตางกั๋นก่อ or กะ/ก่ะ or ก๋า or เนาะ or อี้ Are we going to the right direction?

For Standard Thai *นะ* beside OK it also mean Please.

ไปด้วยกันนะ นะ นะ นะ Please go together...please please please...

Beside นะ central Thai also have เนอะ.

Is different because เนอะ is more like a question/wondering particle.

guy how about this nothern use of ก๋า..? [บ่อห่านก๋า]

similiar right?

For all readers dont be confuse, this is not Standard Thai language, please skip it when you're not learning Northern Thai.

ก๋า = questioning = isnt?

กะ/ก่ะ = confirming = oh really

ก้า=wondering/thinking about something but not sure = i think/i guess/maybe

Examples :

บ่อห่านก๋า Dont you see it? <--- is asking you're not seeing it or something?

บ่อห่านกะ/ก่ะ Dont you see. <---not asking you but only confirm your action.

บ่อห่านก้า Dont think he/she see it. <---maybe/not sure he or she see it

ก้า can be as well as a question as well as not, depend on how someone is saying.

Another word people tend to use after ก้า is ห๋า to volume up and becomes like a question.

บ่อห่านก้าห๋า <---when these 2 are together is really a questioning either for the person who is saying (mostly wonder question for themself) or to other person (lesser).

Overall ก๋า-ก่ะ/กะ is similar to Japanese Desu Ka. Even with no question mark...it is a question.

There is no real officially made Lanna language or i mean the good reform since MFL dictionary. Plus how can Lanna language be officially stated like what's in MFL dictionary anyway.

MFL must have use Chiang Mai dialect as a base.

Since people from all places speaking differently. Is sure okay to learn and took it from MFL or Peace corps as your basic foundation but keep in mind not everyone speak like those books.

Living language is different then what's written. Be flexible, adjust to your situation, just because someone saying a bit different doesnt mean is not correct.

Example บะ or บ่า they are the same, some people use บะ some use บ่า. Why? Due different ethnic background. Tai Yuan, Tai Yong, Tai Khuen, Tai Lue, Tai Yai ect...