The border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia has been a long-standing conflict. When France colonized Cambodia in 1863, they drew a border for the country. This has been constantly disputed by Thailand.
The conflict flares up from time to time. This time the conflict has escalated after a Cambodian soldier was killed on May 28 at the border.
Thailand has accused Cambodia of laying new mines that injured Thai soldiers.
Internal political conditions in Thailand and Cambodia are often the reason for the flare-ups and the border dispute is being used to mobilize nationalist feelings in both countries.
In this case, it is particularly political circumstances on the Thai side that may explain the escalation.
Background
The border is particularly contentious because of the Preah Vihear Temple, which is located in the area. This is an ancient temple located on a mountain ledge near the border between Thailand and Cambodia.
The Preah Vihear Temple, which Thais call Phra Viharn, has significance both as a cultural symbol and a religious place of worship for people on both sides of the border.
The temple was built in the 12th century during the Khmer Empire, the ancestors of today's Cambodians. However, the area has been under both Cambodian and Thai control throughout history.
– Back then, there were no nation-states, but dynamic borders. It was the Europeans who were concerned with the map, and what is mine and what is yours, who brought the border with them during the colonial era.
In 1962, the International Court of Justice in The Hague ruled that the temple belongs to Cambodia, but the conflict flared up again in 2008 when Cambodia applied to have Preah Vihear registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.