It looks as if in the EU the pendulum of history is switching back to the situation of the 1930ies ....it was a Europe of totally indepentent nations (cfr to Brexit in the UK) whereby every nation took care of itself ....In contrast came the period after World War II whereby in Europe first the French and the Germans and then others got the pendulum swinging to cooperation and integration in what is now the EU with a gigantic bureaucry.