Losing ATM card while abroad, is the daunting experience.
I hear this kind of incident from time to time.
Advisable to:
Photograph own atm/debit card just in case(in order to claim ownership in emergency).
Carry passport to prove identity.
And use it at the machine located at the bank branch where possible(instead of the one on the street).
So able to ask bank staff for help immediately if something wrong ever happens.
This same accident once happened to me more than a decade ago.
Fortunately, it was at the branch of my main bank.
I could recover my card(from the bank outside Thailand) within the next 5-10 minutes.