So is it a Non Immigrant O Visa which you can extend by either leaving the country and returning until the end date of the Visa, or is it a 1 year extension of stay. There is no early renewal on a Visa AFAIK, you can re-apply in your home country for a new 1 year Visa, and upon entry into the country the new visa will take effect. If your talking about an extension of stay based upon having had a prior Non Imm O visa, then you can apply 30 to 45 days prior to the expiration in order to obtain a new extension of stay. If you wish to convert a Non Imm O visa into an extension of stay this can be done at your local immigration office.