I have my first year retirement visa, and will need to renew in January 2020. I will be in Rattanaburi, Surin, about an hour from Surin City, but 6 hours from Bangkok. 

 

I'll be building a house on my Thai wife's land near Rattanaburi, and prefer to spend as little time in Bangkok as possible, due to the nasty air pollution these days.

 

I have my Bangkok Bank account with the requisite money on deposit. I'm having trouble determining if and where I can renew my visa in Surin Province.

You will apply for the extension of stay at the Surin immigration office located in Kap Choeng.

Down near the border. You could have a bit of a flutter while you're there.