OH, NO......Heaven Forbid.....I received a QUESTION-MARK Emoji concerning this comment. What is unclear, anyway??? Everybody, in this day and age, knows the following, which is a very simplified explanation of our reality: Light does not travel in a Euclidean straight line because the universe is a curved four-dimensional manifold. The trajectory of light is dictated by the local geometry of spacetime, which is deformed by the presence of mass and energy. Empirical VerificationThe curvature of spacetime forces the spatial trajectory of light to deviate from strict linearity. Metric Deformation: Mass and energy generate a gravitational field by altering the metric tensor components. The spacetime manifold dictates how matter and energy must move. Gravitational Lensing: When photons pass near a massive body, their path bends inward toward the center of mass. This produces measurable optical phenomena, including Einstein rings, the multiple imaging of distant quasars, and cosmic shear. Shapiro Time Delay: Light traversing a gravitational well experiences a measurable delay in transit time compared to a flat-spacetime prediction, verifying that the physical distance along the geodesic has increased. The deviation from a straight spatial line is the empirical consequence of light maintaining a perfectly straight temporal-spatial path across a non-flat background. I can only assume that this is now crystal clear for EVERYONE..... This is, nowadays, 8th-Grade Science.....and this is NO JOKE....Folks.....
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