It was once explained to me, at Bangkok Bank's head office which is my home branch, that I can go to any branch for passbook and ATM card renewals - as long as my passport is still the same one that they have on record. With a new passport, however, I'd need to come to my home branch for them to update their records.
I don't know if this is actually the case, but when I previously updated my passport details with them, the clerk pulled my paper records and they did still have copies of all my passports since I had opened the account. Quite a thick folder.
So who knows. My passport is full every 3-4 years, so I usually do it all in one go - let them update their records, get a new passbook and a new ATM card.
Completely different experience with Kasikorn Bank. I've never been back to my home branch and I still have my original passbook. I never update it and they've never pushed for me to get a new one. When I have a new passport, they simply update their computer records (at whatever branch I visit).