Yes, you can rent a car in the U.S. with a Thailand driver’s license. Most rental companies were fine with it, having an IDP made things way smoother.
Some rental desks were a bit confused at first, but showing the IDP cleared up any questions since it translates your license info.
When I was in South Florida, I rented from https://realcar.miami/locations/palm-beach. I used my foreign license and my IDP, and the process was super easy. They just checked to make sure the names on my passport, license, and credit card all matched.