Searches for passports, visa-free destinations and ways to leave Russia have surged to their highest levels since the war began, amid mounting speculation the Kremlin could expand military mobilisation. New data suggests growing public anxiety as Russian authorities press ahead with legislation designed to widen the pool of military recruits while laying the legal groundwork for tougher wartime measures. Passport demand hits wartime record Analysis by independent outlet Mozhem Obyasnit found Russian internet users searched for passport costs more than 26,000 times on Yandex in June, a 221% increase compared with late 2024. Interest in visa-free travel also climbed sharply, while searches related to exit permits reached near-record levels on Yandex and peaked on Google Trends. Reports from Moscow indicate appointment slots for new passports have become increasingly difficult to secure as demand accelerates. The surge comes amid reports that Russian officials are discussing tighter exit controls, fuelling concerns that opportunities to leave the country could narrow further. Millions already face travel bans For many Russians, leaving the country is already impossible regardless of whether they hold a valid passport. According to official figures from Russia's FSB border service, nearly nine million active travel restriction orders were in force at the start of the year, up from 6.3 million a year earlier. Most are linked to unpaid debts, child maintenance or court fines, preventing millions from crossing the border. Mobilisation machine gathers pace The spike in searches coincides with fresh moves to expand Russia's recruitment base. On 22 July, the State Duma approved legislation allowing people with active criminal convictions to sign military contracts during periods of mobilisation. The Institute for the Study of War says the measure could significantly increase the number of potential recruits, while Deputy Defence Minister Viktor Goremykin has argued it will strengthen recruitment efforts through 2026. Ukraine's military intelligence agency has also claimed Russia is preparing for a broader mobilisation drive, although Moscow has not announced any nationwide call-up. Kremlin prepares for domestic pressure Alongside recruitment reforms, Russia is also updating its internal security framework. Rosgvardia has proposed new civil defence regulations covering mobilisation, martial law and wartime conditions, moves analysts say could help authorities manage domestic unrest if further mobilisation is ordered. President Vladimir Putin also signed legislation in late 2025 giving the Kremlin greater powers to deploy reservists without declaring full national mobilisation. Analysts believe those authorities could enable gradual call-ups while avoiding the political risks associated with a formal nationwide draft. Leaving the sinking ship: Russians panic-search visa-free escapes amid new draft warnings
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