Painkiller politics: Effort to curb prescribing under fire

[rooster59]

Painkiller politics: Effort to curb prescribing under fire

MATTHEW PERRONE, AP Health Writer


WASHINGTON (AP) — A bold federal effort to curb prescribing of painkillers may be faltering amid stiff resistance from drugmakers, industry-funded groups and, now, even other public health officials.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was on track to finalize new prescribing guidelines for opioid painkillers in January. The guidelines — though not binding — would be the strongest government effort yet to reverse the rise in deadly overdoses tied to drugs like OxyContin, Vicodin and Percocet.

But this highly unusual move — the CDC rarely advises physicians on medications, a job formally assigned to the Food and Drug Administration — thrust the agency into the middle of a longstanding fight over the use of opioids, a powerful but highly addictive class of pain medications that rang up over $9 billion in sales last year, according to IMS Health.

Critics complained the CDC guidelines went too far and had mostly been written behind closed doors. One group threatened to sue. Then earlier this month, officials from the FDA and other health agencies at a meeting of pain experts bashed the guidelines as "shortsighted," relying on "low-quality evidence." They said they planned to file a formal complaint.

The CDC a week later abandoned its January target date, instead opening the guidelines to public comment for 30 days and additional changes.

Anti-addiction activists worry the delay could scuttle the guidelines entirely.

"This is a big win for the opioid lobby," said Dr. Andrew Kolodny, co-founder of Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing, a group working to reduce painkiller prescribing.

CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden said politics did not play a role and the guidelines remain a priority.

"We want to make sure we don't go so fast that there are questions about our process, but we certainly don't want to see any further delay," Frieden told The Associated Press.

Frieden said the FDA and other agencies support his effort, despite the negative comments from some officials. The Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees both the CDC and the FDA, said the guidelines are critical to "tackling the opioid epidemic."

Frieden acknowledged the limited evidence comparing various treatments. "But there is no way we can wait for better evidence while so many people are dying."

Under the proposed guidelines, doctors would prescribe these drugs only as a last choice for chronic pain, after non-opioid pain relievers, physical therapy and other options. The CDC also wants doctors to prescribe the smallest supply of the drugs possible, usually three days or less for acute pain. And doctors would only continue prescribing the drugs if patients show significant improvement.

The CDC's logic: Reshaping how primary care doctors use painkillers would result in fewer prescriptions and, therefore, fewer deaths. By its estimation, deaths tied to these drugs have surged more than four-fold since 1999.

But industry-funded groups like the U.S. Pain Foundation and the American Academy of Pain Management warn that the CDC guidelines could block patient access to medications if adopted by state health systems, insurers and hospitals. Such organizations often look to the federal government for health care policies.

The CDC decision to delay its guidelines followed months of lobbying by physician and patient groups aligned with the pharmaceutical industry, who have almost always had a seat at the table in federal discussions on painkillers. As a result, they have had far more influence over federal policy than addiction activists, according to experts.

"They're very well-funded and they have a lot of pharma money behind them," said Dr. Lewis Nelson of New York University, an FDA adviser who is also advising the CDC on its guidelines. "And then you have the anti-addiction groups on the other side, which is clearly much less funded and organized."

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THE PAIN DEBATE

Behind the CDC controversy is a decades-long debate over the use of opioids, which include medications like morphine and codeine and illegal narcotics like heroin.

For most of the 20th century, doctors reserved opioids for severe, short-term pain — such as after surgery — or chronic pain from deadly diseases like cancer.

But in 1990s that changed, as some specialists argued the drugs could be used safely to treat common ailments like back pain and arthritis. The message was amplified by multimillion-dollar promotional campaigns for new, long-acting drugs like OxyContin, which was promoted as less addictive.

That drug's maker, Purdue Pharma, later agreed to plead guilty and pay over $600 million in fines for misleading the public about OxyContin's risks. But prescriptions continued to rise — along with deaths.

Purdue declined to comment for this story.

Deaths linked to misuse and abuse of prescription opioids climbed to 19,000 last year, the highest figure on record, according to the CDC. Heroin and opioid painkillers caused 28,650 fatal overdoses in 2014, or 61 percent of all drug-related overdose deaths.

CDC's Frieden says more Americans are "primed" for heroin use because of their exposure to painkillers.

Pain care advocates say they were blindsided, though, when the CDC moved to create formal guidelines without first consulting them.

"It looks to us like they had a pretty good idea of what they wanted these things to say, and they wanted to minimize feedback that was contrary to that," said Dr. Robert Twillman of the American Academy of Pain Management, a group which represents pain physicians and receives funding from painkiller manufacturers such as Purdue and Teva Pharmaceuticals.

Twillman's group has asked Congress to investigate the CDC's handling of the guidelines, including an expert panel of advisers, which it says is "studded with a number of individuals who are publicly on record as opposing the use of opioids."

The CDC had not publicly disclosed the panel's membership, but Twillman and other pain advocates identified several members, including two who are leaders with Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing, a group working to reduce painkiller prescribing. That group is backed by Phoenix House, a network of rehabilitation clinics.

The Washington Legal Foundation — a conservative group which frequently represents pharmaceutical interests in court — says CDC is in "blatant violation of federal law" for not disclosing its advisers. The foundation wants the CDC to scrap its current guidelines and start over.

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BATTLE FOR INFLUENCE

Many of the patient and physician groups opposing the CDC guidelines are part of a larger coalition called the Pain Care Forum, which meets monthly in Washington to strategize on pain issues. Officials from the White House, the FDA, NIH and other agencies have met with the group over the years, according to documents obtained by The Associated Press under the Freedom of Information Act.

The Pain Care Forum presents itself as a leaderless collective that does not take formal positions. But most members receive funding from drugmakers, including OxyContin-maker Purdue, whose chief lobbyist helped found the group and remains at its center.

Anti-addiction advocates worry that outside pressure from such groups led the CDC to re-open its guidelines for comment.

"Opening a docket will tack months on to the process and increases the likelihood that the guideline might never be released," said Kolodny, an addiction therapist.

It's a process advocates say has played out before at the FDA, which as the nation's top drug regulator writes the prescribing labels that accompany prescription drugs.

In 2009, the FDA announced it would develop "risk management" plans to ensure extended-release opioids were used safely. The agency's initial ideas included mandatory certification for doctors who prescribe drugs like OxyContin and a national registry to track patients taking the drugs.

But industry pushed back. The Pain Care Forum developed its own "consensus guidelines," which opposed any measures creating "new barriers" to medication. At the same time, the group's members generated a 4,000-signature petition opposing registries, saying they would stigmatize patients.

Instead of the tough measures initially floated, the FDA in 2012 put in place modest changes: drugmakers would fund physician training programs, but they would be optional. Additionally, patients would receive a pharmacy pamphlet about opioid risks.

"We were stunned," Kolodny said.

An FDA spokesman provided information about the development of risk plans in response to inquiries for this story.

If the final CDC guidelines emerge intact, they may push physicians to reconsider alternate treatments like physical therapy, counseling or modifying patients' routines. Experts say those methods proved effective before the rise of painkillers.

"As a civilization we somehow managed to survive for 50,000 years without OxyContin and I think we will continue to survive," agency adviser Nelson said.

-- (c) Associated Press 2015-12-19

[Ulysses G.]

Another strike against the war on drugs. Senior citizens living in Thailand know that it is almost impossible to get effective, legal painkilling drugs here and they suffer without them. Some cancer patients even resort to buying illegal opium and heroin. Will the government in USA do the same to their ill?

Edited December 19, 2015 by Ulysses G.

[Seastallion]

No surprises that drug-makers and industry-funded groups resist, but " and, now, even other public health officials" is probably due to those Pfizer et al -funded golf seminars that next year, instead of Florida, will be held in Hawaii or Thailand.

[hgma]

What epedemic?

In the US,OK...more to do with black tar heroine from Mexico then opiodes like tramadol/vicodin.....oxycontin is a different class and lobbyed in the congres.

Glue sniffers a Thai epedemic 15 years ago.......banned........re-sold and nothing changed.

Addicts are willing to take bath soda (street name Flakka!) if necessary.....whats next......a quick shower a day?

[Ulic]

I have no idea what the answer is.

The drug makers/pharmaceutical companies want to write the laws so they can maximise sales and profits. They do not care who uses the drugs only that they can make huge profits. Terminal cancer patients and pain sufferers around the world, who genuinely need the drugs often cant access them. The US war against drugs has strong armed countries decades ago into making everything illegal. From marijuana to heroin. The funny thing is now the USA is coming around on marijuana. Maybe the governments have to go into the pain drug making business at no profit. This would end the drug maker lobby on opioids. Doubt it would happen though. Just give them something else to lobby against. Maybe make it easier to take the drug companies to court.

After all they know and condone the drug abuse. Much like cigarette companies that fought health and addiction information for decades. Maybe make it legal for addicts to register and get free drugs. This would help slow if not stop the crime associated with drug addiction. There are many functioning alcoholics and I am sure many opioid addicts could also function.

You just don't want them in certain jobs. Maybe the availability of legal marijuana will curtail the use of other drugs, maybe the registration of addicts to use opioids would curb meth/crack use. I have no idea. What I do know is addicts tend to use what is available and will use whatever hard drugs are available if availability of the drug of choice becomes unavailable or too costly.

I also know what governments are doing now is not working. As you can see, I don't know much.

[NeverSure]

I had a sudden and very bad abscessed tooth that caused the whole side of my face to swell up. The dentist immediately gave me Percocet which I didn't think helped one bit. After a few hours I took some Advil which made the pain very bearable.

Narcotics can affect the mind which can help make things bearable but as a pure pain killer I'm not so sure.

Cheers.

[Scott]

Abscesses are hard to manage from a pain perspective. The fluid in the abscess can contribute to a lessening of the effectiveness of the pain killer on the nerves in the area of the abscess.

One of the things that was learned some time ago was that it is much easier to manage pain in the earlier stages when it hurts a little than in the later stages when one is in agony.

We do have some people with extensive backgrounds in medicine and hopefully they can weigh in on complexities of this issue.

[Seastallion]

If the contentious drugs are prescription-only, why are doctors prescribing for people who will abuse the drugs?

I know, hard to tell.....for laymen, perhaps, but for medical professionals, it should be a high consideration.

[NickJ]

Free rehab for back pain......

[Scott]

If the contentious drugs are prescription-only, why are doctors prescribing for people who will abuse the drugs?

I know, hard to tell.....for laymen, perhaps, but for medical professionals, it should be a high consideration.

Two factors, first is some doctors are more liberal with prescriptions than others. Second, some people are going to more than one doctor in order to get the drugs. I believe that some states have tried to set up a data base of people receiving potentially addictive drugs. I don't know if this has been achieved, but I suspect that some will then cross the state line and find a doctor or there will be an increase in illegal sales.

[Seastallion]

If the contentious drugs are prescription-only, why are doctors prescribing for people who will abuse the drugs?

I know, hard to tell.....for laymen, perhaps, but for medical professionals, it should be a high consideration.

Two factors, first is some doctors are more liberal with prescriptions than others. Second, some people are going to more than one doctor in order to get the drugs. I believe that some states have tried to set up a data base of people receiving potentially addictive drugs. I don't know if this has been achieved, but I suspect that some will then cross the state line and find a doctor or there will be an increase in illegal sales.

Well, there's two big problems, then.

Doctors should not be liberal with potentially addictive and dangerous drugs.

In NZ, doctors are well trained to spot fakers. It used to be the case that "back pain" was the magic ailment that no doctor could disprove, but apparently that is not the case now. Also in NZ, pharmacies are linked to a national database. Prescribed drugs are all on record, no matter which GP or pharmacy you go to. Pseudoephedrine-based drugs available OTC are strictly monitored and you will be flagged if you buy one packet (the legal limit) in one pharmacy and then buy another packet in a different pharmacy.

It can't be that difficult for the US to create a national database.

[Scott]

The US is a little bigger than NZ, both population wise and geographically.

People do not necessarily use their right name, either.

People living close to Mexico or Canada can obtain the drugs in those countries. In Mexico, it's quite easy and in Canada, they have no idea what is being prescribed in the US, even with a national data base, you will have a large number of people with access in another country.

[Seastallion]

Yes, much bigger. Much bigger economy, too. I'm suggesting that the principles apply.

[Langsuan Man]

This article doesn't even mention the rule that the DEA issued a year or two ago that requires doctors to write a new prescription for those opiate based pain killers

In other words, your doctor cannot write a RX with a refill, it must be a new one

Of course once again the unintended consequence is that people on fixed income, who are the most likely to need these drugs, must bear the expense of another office visit to get their pain meds refilled

What galls me more than anything is the fact that the Drug Enforcement Agency has become so powerful that they now make policy, not just enforce the law; all in the name of the war on drugs

[Scott]

Yes, much bigger. Much bigger economy, too. I'm suggesting that the principles apply.

There is by the way a national data base. How it is reported in each state varies and how much access other states have varies.

hehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/healthcare/241243-a-national-prescription-drug-database-to-combat-opioid