Voters in Italy are heading to the polls in a constitutional referendum that has become a key political test for Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, as debate intensifies over proposed changes to the country’s judicial system.
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The vote focuses on reforms that would separate the career paths of judges and prosecutors and establish new governing bodies for each, alongside a disciplinary court. The government argues the changes would make the justice system more efficient and accountable, while critics warn they could undermine judicial independence.
Campaign turns into political showdown
Although the referendum is formally about legal reform, it has increasingly been framed as a verdict on Meloni’s leadership. The prime minister has actively campaigned for a “yes” vote, seeking to mobilise support, including among younger voters.
Opposition parties, trade unions and civil society groups have rallied behind the “no” campaign, portraying the proposal as a threat to democratic checks and balances. Critics argue the reforms could weaken the judiciary’s ability to act independently of government influence.
Meloni has rejected those claims, insisting the changes are necessary and accusing opponents of turning the vote into a political protest against her administration.
Divided opinions over reforms
Italy’s justice system has long faced criticism for slow proceedings and inefficiency. However, the proposed reforms do not directly address case backlogs, leaving some voters uncertain about their practical impact.
Supporters of the changes argue that separating judges and prosecutors could reduce internal influence and improve fairness. Some legal experts have also raised concerns about longstanding internal factions within the judiciary.
Opponents, however, remain sceptical. They point to Italy’s post-war constitution, designed to safeguard democratic institutions, and warn that altering it under a right-wing government carries risks.
Political stakes for Meloni
The referendum comes after more than three years in power for Meloni, whose tenure has been marked by relative political stability in a country known for fragile coalitions.
While she has made clear she would not resign if the vote fails, analysts say a defeat could weaken her authority and embolden political rivals. Polling suggests turnout may be a decisive factor, with lower participation potentially favouring the “no” camp.
The broader political climate also adds pressure, with economic concerns and global tensions weighing on public sentiment.
A victory could strengthen Meloni’s position and open the door to further institutional reforms. A loss, however, would represent her first major political setback and raise questions about her government’s future direction.
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Adapted by ASEAN Now. Source 22 March 2026