Why Crimea matters to Ukraine now, more than ever:
Sovereignty and International Law:
Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea violated international law and Ukraine's territorial integrity. Reclaiming Crimea has become symbolic of restoring Ukrainian sovereignty and reversing a precedent that could embolden further land grabs elsewhere.
Strategic Military Importance:
Crimea is a massive military asset. It houses Russia’s Black Sea Fleet and provides a key naval and air base network for projecting power in the Black Sea, the Middle East, and beyond. For Ukraine, regaining Crimea would neutralize this threat and increase its security.
Economic and Energy Interests:
Crimea’s waters are rich in natural gas reserves. Control over these offshore assets would bolster Ukraine's energy independence. The peninsula also once served as a key hub for tourism and agriculture.
Displacement and Human Rights:
Since the annexation, thousands of Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars have been displaced or faced repression under Russian rule. For many, restoring Ukrainian control means justice and the right of return.
Moral and National Identity:
For Ukraine, Crimea isn't just land — it’s part of the national psyche. Letting it go could fracture national unity and morale, especially after the sacrifices made during the war.
In short, Crimea’s return isn’t just about borders — it’s about law, identity, safety, and future prosperity.
Russia’s Perspective:
Historical Claims:
Russia often cites deep historical ties. Crimea was part of Russia until 1954, when it was transferred to Ukraine (then part of the USSR) by Khrushchev. Many Russians view that transfer as arbitrary and see Crimea as "historically Russian."
Strategic and Military Value:
Sevastopol is home to the Black Sea Fleet — a critical naval stronghold for Russia. Losing it to a pro-West Ukraine (especially after the 2014 Euromaidan revolution) was seen as a strategic red line.
Population Sentiment:
Russia claims the majority-Russian-speaking population in Crimea supported joining Russia — citing a controversial 2014 referendum (held under military occupation and not recognized by most of the world).
Buffer Against NATO:
Russia views NATO’s expansion as a threat. Controlling Crimea gives Moscow a military buffer and influence over the Black Sea.
International Perspective:
Widespread Non-Recognition:
The UN General Assembly passed resolutions affirming Crimea as part of Ukraine. The annexation is seen as a violation of international law and the 1994 Budapest Memorandum, in which Russia guaranteed Ukraine's borders.
Sanctions:
Russia’s actions led to sanctions by the EU, U.S., and allies, targeting its economy, political figures, and military operations. These were expanded further after the 2022 full-scale invasion.
Precedent Concern:
Countries fear that letting the annexation stand normalizes land grabs through military force — dangerous for global stability (e.g., Taiwan, South China Sea, or elsewhere).
Support for Ukraine:
Many countries now link Crimea’s return to any future peace deal, seeing it as essential for a just and lasting resolution.