Cambodia extends draft after Thai clashes

Cambodia has passed a new conscription law that lengthens military service and toughens penalties for draft evasion, a move directly linked to last year’s deadly border clashes with Thailand.

On Tuesday, all 114 members of the National Assembly, including Prime Minister Hun Manet, voted in favour of the legislation. The law reduces the age range for recruits to 18–25 and extends the service period from 18 months to two years. Refusing to serve will now carry up to two years in prison during peacetime, and up to five years in wartime.

Hun Manet told lawmakers the measure was “necessary to build up troops to protect the nation,” warning that Cambodia’s sovereignty was under threat. His comments reflect the heightened tension between the two neighbours, who fought in July and December last year. The clashes killed dozens and forced more than a million people from their homes.

Although Cambodia introduced conscription in 2006, the law was never enforced. This time, the government insists the draft will begin immediately, citing the need to strengthen forces along the 800km border. Cambodia claims Thai troops have seized territory in several provinces, while Bangkok argues it is defending land long occupied by Cambodians.

The dispute is rooted in colonial-era maps and has flared repeatedly over the years. A truce signed in December has done little to ease mistrust, with both sides accusing the other of violations.

For many young Cambodians, the new law is a chance to show patriotism. “I am ready to serve in the military, although my mother may object,” said Menghav, an 18-year-old student. “Because I am not happy with Thailand.”

Cambodia’s armed forces remain smaller and less well-equipped than Thailand’s, but the government hopes the draft will inject fresh energy into its ranks. Whether it can be implemented fairly and effectively, however, is likely to be tested in the months ahead.

-2026-05-13