Best to take the Police report about the lost passport to your local immigration office and see if they will renew your visa in October. Can your embassy issue you with a temporary passport? Do it asap. At least you will know what's what.
Maybe the only thing in your favour is no passport, cannot leave Thailand!
It is irrelevant. They don't ask to see any existing license you may have. You will have to apply for a Thai License and take the test for the License. If you pass the test they will issue with a 1 year license. When that expires you will get a five year license again provided you pass the test.
In response
1. The age of consent in Thailand is 15. Not defending the American.
2. Why is this bad parenting. Surely the cars should stop when a pedestrian wants to cross at a zebra crossing.
3. Maybe that is what they can afford. Plenty of people by food from walking streets every night. which is probably cheaper than buying food you have to cook. Seems to me you are wrong about bad parenting.
Then is not now. Then it was a nation united against an oppressor who had to send troops from afar! The US today is a nation divided. A nation divided is ripe for totalitarian rule. Indeed that would be the excuse the government would use.
What makes you think armed citizens can stop a totalitarian government? Who organises such citizens into a fighting force. You are out gunned before you even start. Your only hope is that the armed services come out in defence of the citizens. But that will never happen.
The American constitution needs updating to deal with modern times. Again that will never happen.
Learn the lesson and don't send money to anyone in the future. Doubt Danish police could do anything. As for Thai police, If you aren't in Thailand they won't bother investigating.
So you think it would be easier to find someone to do work for a few hours or a day, in other parts of the world? Get real people want full time employment. But you get the staff you are willing to pay for, offer low wages get useless staff.