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How Islamic is Islamic State group? Not very, experts say


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How Islamic is Islamic State group? Not very, experts say
By LEE KEATH and HAMZA HENDAWI

CAIRO (AP) — Three British schoolgirls believed to have gone to Syria to become "jihadi" brides. Three young men charged in New York with plotting to join the Islamic State group and carry out attacks on American soil. A masked, knife-wielding militant from London who is the face of terror in videos showing Western hostages beheaded.

They are among tens of thousands of Muslims eager to pledge allegiance to the Islamic State group. An estimated 20,000 have streamed into the territory in Iraq and Syria where the group has proclaimed what it calls a "caliphate" ruled by its often brutal version of Islamic law.

But how rooted in Islam is the ideology embraced by this group that has inspired so many to fight and die?

President Barack Obama has insisted the militants behind a brutal campaign of beheadings, kidnappings and enslavement are "not Islamic" and only use a veneer of Islam for their own ends. Obama's critics argue the extremists are intrinsically linked to Islam. Others insist their ideology has little connection to religion.

The group itself has assumed the mantle of Islam's earliest years, purporting to recreate the conquests and rule of the Prophet Muhammad and his successors. But in reality its ideology is a virulent vision all its own, one that its adherents have created by plucking selections from centuries of traditions.

The vast majority of Muslim clerics say the group cherry picks what it wants from Islam's holy book, the Quran, and from accounts of Muhammad's actions and sayings, known as the Hadith. It then misinterprets many of these, while ignoring everything in the texts that contradicts those hand-picked selections, these experts say.

The group's claim to adhere to the prophecy and example of Muhammad helps explain its appeal among young Muslim radicals eager to join its ranks. Much like Nazi Germany evoked a Teutonic past to inspire its followers, Islamic State propaganda almost romantically depicts its holy warriors as re-establishing the caliphate, contending that ideal of Islamic rule can come only through blood and warfare.

It maintains its worst brutalities — beheading captives, taking women and girls as sex slaves and burning to death a captured Jordanian pilot — only prove its purity in following what it contends is the prophet's example, a claim that appalls the majority of the world's 1.6 billion Muslims.

Writings by the group's clerics and ideologues and its English-language online magazine, Dabiq, are full of citations from Quranic verses, the Hadith and centuries of interpreters, mostly hard-liners.

But these are often taken far out of context, said Joas Wagemakers, an assistant professor of Islamic Studies at Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands, who specializes in Islamic militant thought.

Muslim scholars throughout history have used texts in a "decontextualized way" to suit their purposes, Wagemakers said. But the Islamic State goes "further than any other scholars have done. They represent the extreme," he said.

It would be a mistake to conclude the Islamic State group's extremism is the "true Islam" that emerges from the Quran and Hadith, he added.

Despite its claim to the contrary, the Islamic State group is largely political, borne out of the conflicts in Syria and Iraq, said Khaled Abou El Fadl, an Islamic law scholar at the University of California, Los Angeles.

The group, he said, is trying to make God "a co-conspirator in a genocidal project."

Ahmed al-Dawoody, an assistant professor at the Institute for Islamic World Studies at Zayed University in Dubai, agreed.

The phenomenon of reading religious sources out of context "has existed throughout the ages," he said. "We should not grant any legitimacy to those who violate Islam, then hijack it and speak on its behalf."

"This is not Islamic terror, this is terror committed by Muslims," he said.

IS not only misreads the texts it cites, most clerics say, it also ignores Quranic verses and a long body of clerical scholarship requiring mercy, preservation of life and protection of innocents, and setting out rules of war — all of which are binding under Islamic Shariah law.

Many mainstream clerics compare the group to the Khawarij, an early sect that was so notorious for "takfir," or declaring other Muslims heretics for even simple sins, that it was rejected by the faith. The Islamic State group denies that, but it draws heavily from 20th-century theories of "takfir" developed by hard-liners.

Part of the problem in countering the group's ideology is that moderate clerics have struggled to come up with a cohesive, modern interpretation, especially of the Quranic verses connected to Muhammad's wars with his enemies.

Militants often point to the Quran's ninth sura, or chapter, which includes calls for Muslims to "fight polytheists wherever you find them" and to subdue Christians and Jews until they pay a tax. Moderate clerics counter that these verses are linked to specifics of the time and note other verses that say there is "no force in religion."

And while moderate clerics counter the Islamic State group's interpretation point-by-point, at times they accept the same tenets.

Sheikh Ahmed el-Tayeb — the grand imam of Egypt's Al-Azhar, one of Sunni Islam's most prestigious seats of learning — denounced the burning of the Jordanian pilot as a violation of Islam. But then he called for the perpetrators to be subjected to the same punishment that IS prescribes for those who "wage war on Islam" — crucifixion, death or the amputation of hands and legs.

This turns the debate into one over who has the authority to determine the "correct" interpretation of Islam's holy texts. Since many of the most prominent clerics in the Middle East are part of state-run institutions, militant supporters dismiss them as compromised and accommodating autocratic rulers.

The Islamic State group's segregation of the sexes, imposition of the veil on women, destruction of shrines it considers heretical, hatred of Shiites and condoning of punishments like lashings or worse are accepted by clerics in U.S.-allied Saudi Arabia, who follow the ultraconservative Wahhabi interpretation of Islam.

But IS goes further.

For example, most militaries in the era of Muhammad — the 7th century — beheaded enemies and enslaved populations they captured in war, including taking women as concubines. There are citations in the Hadith of Muhammad or his successors ordering beheadings, and verses in the Quran set out rules for dealing with slaves.

Pivoting off these, the Islamic State group contends that anyone who rejects beheadings or enslavement is not a real Muslim and has been corrupted by modern Western ideas.

One Islamic State cleric, Sheikh Hussein bin Mahmoud, wrote a vehement defense of beheadings after the killing of American journalist James Foley.

"Those who pervert Islam are not those who cut off the heads of disbelievers and terrorize them," he wrote, "but those who want (Islam) to be like Mandela or Gandhi, with no killing, no fighting, no blood or striking necks."

Islam, he wrote, is the religion "of battle, of cutting heads, of shedding blood."

To support beheadings, the group cites the Quran as calling on Muslims to "strike the necks" of their enemies. But other clerics counter the verse means Muslim fighters should swiftly kill enemies in the heat of battle, and is not a call to execute captives. Moreover, IS ignores the next part of the verse, which says Muslims should set prisoners of war free as an act of charity or for ransom.

The Islamic State group "appears to have adopted violent ideas first, then searched books of religious interpretation to find a cover for their actions," said Sheikh Hamadah Nassar, a cleric in the ultraconservative Salafi movement.

In June, the extremists declared a caliphate, or "khilafa" in Arabic, in the lands it controls in Iraq and Syria, with its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as the caliph — a declaration roundly ridiculed by Muslim clerics of all stripes. But here too, the group went further, saying that Islam requires the existence of a caliphate and anyone who refuses to recognize its declaration is not a true Muslim.

"The hopes of khilafa became an undeniable reality," the group proclaimed in its online magazine, Dabiq. Any Muslim who refuses IS authority will be "dealt with by the decisive law of Allah."

After that, the stream of IS recruits swelled by thousands.
___

AP Religion Writer Rachel Zoll contributed to this report.

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-- (c) Associated Press 2015-03-03

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Ever since the Atlantic became the first mainstream publication to break ranks and detail the Islamic nature of ISIS various taqiyya merchants and useful idiots have been running interference. Here is a thorough de-bunking of this.

http://www.jihadwatch.org/2015/03/new-york-post-recommends-that-obama-tell-still-more-soothing-falsehoods-about-islam

An AP report quoting experts is "thoroughly debunked" by a radical bigot propaganda site? You can't be serious.

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I'm interested what the response will be since the Atlantic article has been mentioned multiple times, but the assertions that you claim to be basing off that article are thoroughly debunked by the expert the article relies on.

Since the world is full of those like me who await this "vast majority" of moderates, and the OP seems to be citing them, I then respond "Who?" "Where/who are they?" I think only two people are mentioned. When two unwise or even learned men are gathered you have twice as much of whatever they mostly are, but you do not thus have a "vast majority." What vast majority says there is cherry picking? Since the topic at issue is so academic yet infinitely topical and accessible it cannot be too much to ask which suras are cherry picked? Which Ahadith are cherry picked? What do they really mean? Who says they really mean that? What does IS says it means? How has it been referenced and used historically? For each of these questions, should one take only one example each, it would have filled half the space of this silly OP and actually proved something; this OP does not do that nor does it achieve anything but further confirm that apologists are actually not even knowledgeable. "...ignoring everything in the texts that contradicts those hand-picked selections, these experts say." What experts? We have been introduced to none. A few persons are mentioned later with regard to something very specific but the vast majority still remains elusive while the OP drivels down the chin

Moderate Muslims have critiqued ISIS so consistently and so often that if you haven't heard them, it's your own fault:

ThinkProgress challenged Haykel’s assertion that people who declare ISIS unIslamic are unschooled in Islam, pointing to a lengthy letter signed by over 120 prominent Muslim leaders and scholars that refers to the Islamic State only in quotation marks and repeatedly rebukes their beliefs as “forbidden in Islam.” Several of the signers have openly declared ISIS unIslamic...


It goes on to discuss Grand Mufti Shawqi and the Dar al-Ifta's campaign to stop referring to ISIS as Islamic. Those aren't fringe figures - Shawqi is the highest official of religious law among Sunnis in Egypt and Dar al-Ifta is the premiere school of Islamic law.

And again Haykel, the guy you think is proving your assertions via the Atlantic article, actually says that a body like ISIS is not the historical norm at all, but is a product of the oppression that Sunnis have been under across their entire territory for the last few decades.

“The Sunni Muslim community, under normal circumstances … [historically] had mechanisms for silencing or eliminating extremists who would emerge from among them,” Haykel said. “[but] Sunni Muslims feel really beleaguered today … It’s very hard for Sunnis to say, today, ‘Let’s go and fight ISIS militarily,’ when you also have, let’s say, the Assad regime killing hundreds of thousands of Sunni Muslims, or Iran and its forces in Iraq and Syria and Lebanon also attacking Sunnis at the same time. In a world where a lot of people are attacking Sunnis, it’s hard for Sunnis to say ‘ISIS is the only bad group.’”
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^^

Excellent analysis. When you see such articles through the optic of 'what are they trying to hide?' everything becomes clear. One telling extract. Is that ISIS contends its brutal actions are merely following Muhammad's example, which appalls the majority off the world's 1.6 billion Muslims.

Now the why? Why does it appall the majority of Muslims? Because it's a lie perhaps, or because the truth is too horrifying to confront. Of course the question is easily answered as the life of Mohammad is well documented. I would suggest the answer should be more horrifying still to the world's 5 billion or so infidels.

As you stated the article accuses ISIS of cherry picking, well what is the phrase 'There is no compulsion in religion' other than cherry picking? Yet this is what the moderates feed us constantly.

You could get a room full of scientists debating the existence of Higgs bosons, quarks and various other sub-atomic particles. They would all be particle physicists just so long as their theories were constructed using existing laws of physics as a framework. Equally Islamic state theology is based on the Quran and Hadiths, it does not claim to do anything unislamic by making assertions outside scripture any more than a particle physicist makes hypotheses without reference to existing knowledge of physics.

One final thought based again on physics is the accumulation of evidence to support or disprove a hypothesis. If Islam is a moderate merciful religion there should be evidence to support this assertion, yet the brutality of Sharia is readily observed throughout the Islamic world completely outside sphere of ISIS control. Everything points to an ongoing turf war within Islam to decide who rules it rather than to decide what Islam is, or is not.

Yet Islam is merciful, and clearly so... to muslims; it makes this distinction quite clearly while reserving somewhat less compassion for other people of the book, and none for pagans. You will never be able to produce one single coherent essay that both asserts islam is merciful and peaceful and sets forth the theological arguments and exegesis to support this position. I am not stating the argument cannot be made without detractors, those who object, and those who rally against this point. I am saying the argument cannot be made at all! There is no string of logic, contiguous tracts of verbiage, and injunctions that assert such a thing as peace and love and mercy (that has not been clearly abrogated by later conflicting admonishments). It cannot be construed nor found because it does not exist and was actually anathema to islam as it evolved following their stay in Medina. It cannot be done!

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The idea "all Islamic countries are no better than ISIS" is just ridiculous. Indonesia's the biggest Muslim country out there, and it's government is nothing like this. Look at Turkey, Malaysia, Bosnia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, the Maldives, Kuwait, Dubai, Bangladesh, Morocco, Jordan, Qatar, even Egypt...they don't look the least bit like Sharia law.

The factors that have led to violence and oppression in certain Muslim-majority countries have at least as much to do with their historical/political position as they do with anything about Islam. It's not coincidence that the most extreme incidents of violence or oppression also happen to be the same places where Western governments have a long history of invasion and manipulation for their own gains. We're the ones who colonized most of the Middle East and Africa, started the whole Pakistan/India mess as a colonial side effect, sent the Jews to other people's land in Israel because we refused to take them in ourselves, armed Afghanistan and fed war there for more than a decade, tried to set up our own rulers in Iran and Iraq, invaded Iraq and Afghanistan, continuously bomb the all over the region (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, Libya, Syria, etc.), and keep manipulating the region regularly for our own oil control.

Again, Haykel, the expert you guys are trying to lean on, blames these factors for the emergence of ISIS at this period in history:

“The reason ISIS emerged clearly has to do with the chaos in Iraq, the disenfranchisement of the Sunnis of Iraq (which is the result of the American invasion-occupation), and the chaos in Syria (which is a regime that has also disenfranchised Sunni Muslims),” he said. “We have two big Arab countries, side-by-side, both in chaos, both with large Sunni populations that are disenfranchised … With a lot of young men who have no prospects for employment and feel marginalized. And who then identify their sense of humiliation and marginalization with the larger Muslim world, which they claim is also being marginalized and being humiliated.”

The idea that all Islamic Countries are the same as ISIS is your constructed straw man. Saudi Arabia who flogs blasphemers to death, who beheads some criminals based on Sharia. Imprisons homosexuals, won't allow any other religion to exist in its land, where apostates are put to death. Incidentally your list of Islamic Countries are themselves host to countless Sharia horrors. That they don't all implement it all does not make Islamic law any more moderate.

As for the Western oppression canard, well that is sunk completely by the first two Jihads, which took place without any Western oppression, their source was their interpretation of Islam, just like ISIS interpret Islam. When you filter out the pretexts (Western wrongs, Palestine etc) from the true motives (Jihad) there is precious little difference between ISIS and the hard line

Wahabs and Salafis, who they are having a theological debate with, save for tactical differences that is.

This is not to say that a great many Muslims don't reject the literal implications of Islam, but most don't dare state this. There are a few notable exceptions, such as Al-Sisi of Egypt, who appealed directly to Al-Azhar university to modernize Islamic jurisprudence to stop interpretations of Islam used by ISIS and Al-Qaeda.

Edited by Steely Dan
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I'm interested what the response will be since the Atlantic article has been mentioned multiple times, but the assertions that you claim to be basing off that article are thoroughly debunked by the expert the article relies on.

Moderate Muslims have critiqued ISIS so consistently and so often that if you haven't heard them, it's your own fault:

And again Haykel, the guy you think is proving your assertions via the Atlantic article, actually says that a body like ISIS is not the historical norm at all, but is a product of the oppression that Sunnis have been under across their entire territory for the last few decades.

Not sure I was clear. You will never find a single thing in any of my posts that are referencing another link or cite. Example, I only read the byline of the Atlantic piece. My post stands on its own merit and is not lessened or enhanced by whatever the Atlantic says. If it disagrees with me, see above. I still reserve the right to be correct!

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The reality of IS is more simple than all above. They are a cult that uses some verses of the Quran and Hadith to justify their actions. They do not follow shariah law, and cannot be called Muslims.

They are quite a bit more extreme than the 'christian' Jimmy Jones cult or other cults that are headed by a megalomaniac and/or power hungry individuals. Their vision is obviously to conquer lands and people using the name of Islam and killing everyone who stands in their way. They are also very much a reaction to an islamophobic world, and also detest the so called Muslim nations and their leaderships. IS is a cult of heretics which should be destroyed.

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All these so called Muslim / Islamic experts ??

The clue is in the name.

Islamic State.

Experts can cite, wring their hands and get their pink panties in a right old twist. It makes no difference.

The ones that matter, the ones carrying out the atrocities call themselves '' Islamic State ''

Now let me see just one of these Islamic Scholars / Experts go and wave some Centuries old edict in the face of IS and see how long it takes for their head and shoulders to part company.

Joseph Kony is the head of the Lord's Resistance Army, purporting to fight in the name of their Christian Lord. Well, they must be fighting for the Lord, right?

"Christian Identity" is the main White supremacist hate movement...they must be the real Christians!

"Radical Traditional Catholicism" is composed solely of people who have been exiled by the Catholic church...but they must be the real Catholics because of their name, right?

The guy who tried to shoot up Austin, Texas in December was motivated by "Vigilantes of Christiendom", so he represented true Christiendom, right?

"Army of God", "The Covenant, the Arm, and the Sword of the Lord", "Ku Klux Klan" with "Jesus was the first klansman", "Phineas Priesthood", "Christian Patriot", "Lambs of Christ", "Children of God"....we could go on...

Edited by Bangkok Herps
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All these so called Muslim / Islamic experts ??

The clue is in the name.

Islamic State.

Experts can cite, wring their hands and get their pink panties in a right old twist. It makes no difference.

The ones that matter, the ones carrying out the atrocities call themselves '' Islamic State ''

Now let me see just one of these Islamic Scholars / Experts go and wave some Centuries old edict in the face of IS and see how long it takes for their head and shoulders to part company.

Joseph Kony is the head of the Lord's Resistance Army, purporting to fight in the name of their Christian Lord. Well, they must be fighting for the Lord, right?

"Christian Identity" is the main White supremacist hate movement...they must be the real Christians!

"Radical Traditional Catholicism" is composed solely of people who have been exiled by the Catholic church...but they must be the real Catholics because of their name, right?

The guy who tried to shoot up Austin, Texas in December was motivated by "Vigilantes of Christiendom", so he represented true Christiendom, right?

"Army of God", "The Covenant, the Arm, and the Sword of the Lord", "Ku Klux Klan" with "Jesus was the first klansman", "Phineas Priesthood", "Christian Patriot", "Lambs of Christ", "Children of God"....we could go on...

Yes of course, these idiots above are in the Worldwide Media on an almost daily basis for the barbarity that the carry out around the world.

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