Iran’s Strategic Influence: The “Axis of Resistance” Across the Middle East

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Iran’s “axis of resistance” refers to a network of militia/terrorist groups and political factions throughout the Middle East that are supported by Tehran, primarily through its Revolutionary Guards and the elite Quds Force. This alliance allows Iran to project power in the region, targeting rival nations such as Israel and Saudi Arabia. While Hezbollah is the most prominent and well-armed of these groups, the axis stretches far beyond Lebanon, reaching into other countries across the Middle East.

 

The Iranian government provides substantial financial and military support to these groups. Iran’s Revolutionary Guards funnel millions of dollars to arm and train various militia forces, ensuring that Tehran’s strategic interests are enforced. This support is not only aimed at countering Israeli influence but also at destabilizing Saudi Arabia and other rivals, cementing Iran’s foothold in the region.

 

One of the key concerns for the international community is how Iran might respond to Israeli actions, particularly when Israeli forces recently attacked Hezbollah targets in Lebanon. The world watches as tensions between Israel and Iran-backed forces escalate, raising the potential for broader conflict.

 

In Lebanon, Hezbollah has been a focal point of attention for Israel. The group, heavily armed and with a significant presence in southern Lebanon near the Israeli border, plays a crucial role in Iran's regional strategy. Its leader, Hassan Nasrallah, a powerful figure both politically and militarily, was killed in recent Israeli strikes in Beirut. Nasrallah’s death is a significant blow to Hezbollah and the broader axis of resistance. His influence extended far beyond Lebanon, making him a central figure in Iran’s efforts to counter Israeli influence in the region.

 

Iran’s support also extends to Palestinian groups, particularly Hamas. Financial and military aid from Tehran has helped Hamas develop its capabilities, including the use of drones in its 7 October attack against Israel. Analysts argue that the sophistication of Hamas’s assault on Israel’s Iron Dome defense system is evidence of Iran’s backing. Despite this, there have been moments of tension between Hamas and Iran, particularly when Hamas supported anti-Assad protesters during Syria’s civil war. Iran momentarily withdrew support from the group at that time. In addition to Hamas, smaller factions like the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) also receive backing from Tehran.

 

Syria is another key battleground for Iran’s influence. The Iranian military, intelligence, and security services have been critical in bolstering the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. Iran’s support isn’t limited to Assad’s forces but also extends to various pro-government militias, including the Fatemiyoun Brigade, the Baqir Brigade, the Zainebiyoun Brigade, and Quwat al Ridha. These militias are positioned to defend Assad’s government, ensuring that Iran maintains strategic influence should his regime ever be destabilized.

 

In Yemen, Iran has employed the Houthi rebels as a proxy force to exert pressure on both Saudi Arabia and Israel. The Houthis, one of several groups vying for power in Yemen, have proven to be a disruptive force in the region. Professor Clarke noted that the Houthis are "prepared to make war on just about anybody," aligning with Iranian interests to keep them active in the ongoing conflict. Recently, the Houthis demonstrated their reach by firing a ballistic missile that struck central Israel in September. The missile’s debris fell near a train station and an open, unpopulated area, showcasing the threat posed by these Iran-backed forces.

 

Iran’s “axis of resistance” continues to be a central element of its foreign policy, exerting influence and destabilizing rivals throughout the Middle East. As regional tensions rise, the actions of these groups, backed by Tehran, remain a focal point for both Israel and Saudi Arabia, as well as the international community.

 

Based on a report from: Sky News 2024-10-02