1.There's a proper pathway to citizenship in Thailand as well. It's not simple, not so easy, but there is. You have to accept and understand that Thailand is not an immigrant country by choice, and seeing what happens in Europe it is understandable.
2. There is such a thing as tax resident in every country, it in most countries AFAIK. it has nothing to do with immigrant residence. Here in Thailand, up until about 30 years ago anyone (tourists included) who stayed in Thailand for more than 180 days in a calendar year had to go to the tax department, declare income and pay tax. The "income" for tourists was calculated by the amount they declared spending in the country.
3. Most Western countries tax their citizens\permanent residents for money earned out of the country. In case of double taxation agreements they charge the balance between what was paid in the country of earning to the amount that would have been charged in country. Most people manage to avoid it by not declaring the out of country earnings.
4. The USA IRS tax Americans and green card holders on everything in and out of country.
I understand the difference, I hope you do too