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The Long History of mRNA Vaccines..... Messenger RNA, or mRNA, was discovered in the early 1960s; research into how mRNA could be delivered into cells was developed in the 1970s. So, why did it take until the global COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 for the first mRNA vaccine to be brought to market? The early years of mRNA research were marked by a lot of enthusiasm for the technology but some difficult technical challenges that took a great deal of innovation to overcome. The biggest challenge was that mRNA would be taken up by the body and quickly degraded before it could “deliver” its message—the RNA transcript—and be read into proteins in the cells. The solution to this problem came from advances in nanotechnology: the development of fatty droplets (lipid nanoparticles) that wrapped the mRNA like a bubble, which allowed entry into the cells. Once inside the cell, the mRNA message could be translated into proteins, like the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, and the immune system would then be primed to recognize the foreign protein. https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2021/the-long-history-of-mrna-vaccines Follow the science………..

Hi TP, also good to hear from you again and I was quite surprised when an old post of mine popped up with your comments on it! Firstly, in answer to your question I kept my left testicle and still have it all these years later and occasionally it plays up and gives me some pain, but anti-inflammatories for a couple of days calms it down and I get on with life. So sorry to hear that you are still in diapers and I recall our conversations from a few years back and you certainly "went through the mill" as the saying goes, and it would appear that nothing has changed although it would seem you have "gotten used" to it in one way or another?? And as per your comment of "privates falling to bits, bit by bit" well I've had a little bit of the same with a bladder problem which not even the best urologist at Bumrungrad could fix and still doesn't know what has caused it to stop working, so every night before I retire, I use a catheter and drain out about a litre of urine, which allows me to sleep uninterrupted. I have tried to miss this procedure, but no amount of trying or variation on it, allows me to get any sleep and I end up getting out of bed at 3 AM in the morning and fumbling around squirting numbing gel down the old fella, before inserting the catheter, draining out the urine and thankfully getting back to bed. It's no fun getting old, and old age doesn't come alone, as an old friend of mine used to say, and I was younger then, but now I know exactly what he means! Aside from all of that, I hope you are as well as can be expected TP. PS. I notice that Urolift is now available in Thailand – – – 15 years too late for me I'm afraid.

You make a good point in your post, and from what I have read in the various newspapers and media outlets, it would appear that his family were staunch Republicans and donated to the Republican cause, although it doesn't state exactly what his political leanings were! Perhaps his motives were nothing to do with left or right, or for example, "woke" leanings, but purely because he was in pain and/or mentally disturbed?

Somewhere I saw mentioned a movie called "Cherry 2000" and although the reviews weren't that special, they weren't all that bad either, so I thought I'd give it a try. It starred Melanie Griffith along with Laurence Fishburne (in a minor role) and Ben Johnson, not to mention the gorgeous Pamela Gidley!!!! It was obviously a B-movie, and it didn't take itself too seriously, so it was easy viewing in the end.

I have noticed a few reductions on the wines I buy from a distributor, Vinum Lector, and recently snapped up a very good Italian Appassimento red wine which was previously selling at around 600 baht plus VAT, for 480 baht plus VAT, so I bought 12 bottles and yesterday enquired as to its availability again, but unfortunately they have sold out! I don't know whereabouts on Phuket island you will be staying, but Wine Pro has three outlets here and their prices are very competitive, and I sometimes buy a few bottles from Patong Whiskey because their prices are a little bit cheaper than elsewhere and they have a "better" selection than the likes of Big C and Tops. Also a little "supermarket" called Promphan on the 4024 road heading south from the Central junction has a small but different range of wines. As I mentioned in another post, I believe the range of red wines labelled, "19 Crimes" are good value for money and I specifically like the "red blend". I also have another distributor from whom I buy, and they will deliver, but there is a minimum order. If you would like to send me some more information as to your whereabouts and particularly the wine you like, in a PM, then I can give you some more information. As an addendum, on another post I have outlined the tax changes with regards to wine here, so you may wish to peruse that if you can find it.

On one of my earlier visits to Patong, I met up with a friend from Oz and a couple of his Thai girl friends and we went to a Thai restaurant which in those days was amongst quite a few Thai restaurants behind Bangla Road. Not long after finishing the meal (and I do like spicy food) I started to get symptoms similar to flu with a raw throat, runny nose and not feeling particularly well, so I went home. All over and done with the next day, and a couple of days later we met up with the girls again and went to the same restaurant and the same thing happened to me, so I decided to take a look around the corner of the "kitchen" where the cook was preparing the food and I actually saw him add about half a ladle of MSG to the dish he was stir frying!! As it was a favourite restaurant of the girls, my friend and I accompanied them one more time and I specifically asked the waitress "No MSG" please, and she must have complied because I had no ill effects. I did a bit of research on MSG and the symptoms I experienced were typical of an MSG "overdose", I say "overdose" because I like strong cheeses and Thai food and have never been affected by it since, even though occasionally I add a little bit of MSG to my Thai cooking. Everything in moderation and with me it's definitely the case with MSG.

Yesterday I endeavoured to watch a movie which was mentioned on a list of very good movies, and it was called, "All Quiet on the Western Front" (2022 version) so I thought I'd give it a go and I think I had watched the original which was made back in the 30s, and that was pretty grim. However this movie was dark, gruesome and grim all at the same time and if you ever wanted a movie to see what war was really like, then watch this – – if you can. I couldn't finish it because it was so dark/grim. Tonight I watched a movie (again) called, "Lone Survivor" with Mark Wahlberg, Ben Foster and Eric Bana and it was supposedly based on a true story about an incident in the fight with the Taliban in Afghanistan, and it was not short of action or gruesome scenes, but nowhere near as grim as the one I mentioned above.

Sad to hear that superal........I believe (wasn't 100% sure) that I did suffer from an episode of gout a few years back so I also took colchicine and it cleared up. However it didn't stop me drinking red wine, thankfully!!!!! Hope it clears up soon!!

On the contrary I am reasonably intelligent and have held very senior positions in major international companies, so it shouldn't be too "difficult to get through to people like me". However had you worded your response a little more clearly, then we wouldn't be having this conversation. On my post I highlighted a couple of aspects of the original post which related to what I used to eat for breakfast, but your reply was not clear, and simply saying "No it doesn't! That is a fake it added on........." really didn't address your original perceived problem, which was that the whole report was a fake, and not just my post! If you're saying that it was fake reporting, then so be it, but your response was not just about that, questioning how my post was relevant? So rather than have another conversation like this, I will put you on "ignore", so that will stop any future misunderstanding.

Strange post from you......so I suggest you read the OP again where it CLEARLY states what I have posted above with regards to cereals and fibre, amongst other things.

Hmmm, lets see........ A range of beloved breakfast foods, including porridge and muesli, are set to be outlawed in advertisements under Labour's stringent new policies aimed at reducing childhood obesity. The ban doesn't just target the usual suspects like chocolate, cakes, crisps, and ready meals but also breakfast staples traditionally hailed as healthy. Foods such as porridge, instant oats, oat-based cereals, and muesli—all recommended by the NHS for their high fiber and heart-healthy properties!

We didn't know about those back then (at least my Mum didn't) and anyway have moved on to rolled oats for my occasional breakfast as trying to increase my fibre intake!!

No I didn't as Ready Brek was the instant cereal which I quite liked back then!! Quick and easy,

Being a "long term" tea drinker, I now buy the Waitrose Original blend tea bags from Tops or the Luxury Gold tea bags from M+S, as IMO nothing else compares, but I have yet to try Yorkshire Tea.............

It is a fruit wine, so not for me. But everyone to their own.

How many episodes are there?? Thanks.

I have, thank you, as well as High Plains Drifter, although may have to watch that again as can't remember much about it......ah, the benefits of a concussion and memory loss!!!

Well, I'm one of those folk who can tell the difference between poor quality and good quality wines, much the same as Scotch Whisky drinkers can differentiate between an average Whisky and a single malt, for example (not that I could because I don't drink the stuff). The taste experience also applies with tea and coffee tasters and drinkers and other beverages and foods, so there are folk out there who can tell the difference and having tried some of the best Burgundies in France versus the very average ones from the same country (and other countries) I don't consider I'm wasting my money, just enjoying my passion!!

For some reason I got an urge to watch one of the original Clint Eastwood spaghetti Western movies, so I downloaded, "A Fistful of Dollars" and luckily it was a remastered version, so the quality was good, and it was reasonably enjoyable as a way to pass the evening. But I do long for a good enthralling movie (not CGI or Spiderman type) and although it has been panned by another poster here, I still believe the Bruce Willis movie, "The Jackal", or "12 Monkeys" or indeed "Law Abiding Citizen" or "Shooter" will be worth another viewing for me.

Websites (many) like this can help..... https://www.mutualofomaha.com/calculator/how-long-will-my-money-last

Thanks......for some reason I thought it opened at 11 am???

I do like three glasses of wine in the evening with my meal, and a small Port afterwards and I buy regularly from a couple of suppliers who my contact online and two of my favourite wines at the moment are as follows: – – Appassimento by Le Preare, and it is a wine with fairly gentle tannins, from Italy, and it was on a special offer, so I bought a dozen of them. –Gnarly Head Authentic Black, which is a Petite Sirah based wine and is a full-bodied wine that needs to breathe before sampling, because it improves greatly when decanted. I buy these two wines from Vinum Lector, who have their head office based in Bangkok, but they will deliver around the country, and please be advised that there is a minimum order in some cases. They range in price from around 500 baht to 700 baht plus VAT, but occasionally the company has promotions which can bring the price down somewhat. I had a thought when talking to another friend about wine here and if one doesn't like the fruit wine (yes it does exist) then places like Wine Pro clearly differentiate between grape wine and that which has fruit juice added to the grape juice before production, by clearly advertising the product as such.

problem being that Big C doesn't open until 11 am!! (as i recall).

Geez.....how times have changed. I used to like Ready Brek!!