Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah dies at 90

[webfact]

Saudi state TV reports: King Abdullah has died at 90
AYA BATRAWY, Associated Press
ABDULLAH AL-SHIHRI, Associated Press

RIYADH, Saudi Arabia (AP) — Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah, the powerful U.S. ally who joined Washington's fight against al-Qaida and sought to modernize the ultraconservative Muslim kingdom with incremental but significant reforms, including nudging open greater opportunities for women, has died, according to Saudi state TV. He was 90.

More than his guarded and hidebound predecessors, Abdullah assertively threw his oil-rich nation's weight behind trying to shape the Middle East. His priority was to counter the influence of rival, mainly Shiite Iran wherever it tried to make advances. He and fellow Sunni Arab monarchs also staunchly opposed the Middle East's wave of pro-democracy uprisings, seeing them as a threat to stability and their own rule.

He backed Sunni Muslim factions against Tehran's allies in several countries, but in Lebanon for example, the policy failed to stop Iranian-backed Hezbollah from gaining the upper hand. And Tehran and Riyadh's colliding ambitions stoked proxy conflicts around the region that enflamed Sunni-Shiite hatreds — most horrifically in Syria's civil war, where the two countries backed opposing sides. Those conflicts in turn hiked Sunni militancy that returned to threaten Saudi Arabia.

And while the king maintained the historically close alliance with Washington, there were frictions as he sought to put those relations on Saudi Arabia's terms. He was constantly frustrated by Washington's failure to broker a settlement to the Israel-Palestinian conflict. He also pushed the Obama administration to take a tougher stand against Iran and to more strongly back the mainly Sunni rebels fighting to overthrow Syrian President Bashar Assad.

Abdullah's death was announced on Saudi state TV by a presenter who said the king died at 1 a.m. on Friday. His successor was announced as 79-year-old half-brother, Prince Salman, according to a Royal Court statement carried on the Saudi Press Agency. Salman was Abdullah's crown prince and had recently taken on some of the ailing king's responsibilities.

Abdullah was born in Riyadh in 1924, one of the dozens of sons of Saudi Arabia's founder, King Abdul-Aziz Al Saud. Like all Abdul-Aziz's sons, Abdullah had only rudimentary education. Tall and heavyset, he felt more at home in the Nejd, the kingdom's desert heartland, riding stallions and hunting with falcons. His strict upbringing was exemplified by three days he spent in prison as a young man as punishment by his father for failing to give his seat to a visitor, a violation of Bedouin hospitality.

Abdullah was selected as crown prince in 1982 on the day his half-brother Fahd ascended to the throne. The decision was challenged by a full brother of Fahd, Prince Sultan, who wanted the title for himself. But the family eventually closed ranks behind Abdullah to prevent splits.

Abdullah became de facto ruler in 1995 when a stroke incapacitated Fahd. Abdullah was believed to have long rankled at the closeness of the alliance with the United States, and as regent he pressed Washington to withdraw the troops it had deployed in the kingdom since the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The U.S. finally did so in 2003.

When President George W. Bush came to office, Abdullah again showed his readiness to push against his U.S. allies.

In 2000, Abdullah convinced the Arab League to approve an unprecedented offer that all Arab states would agree to peace with Israel if it withdrew from lands it captured in 1967. The next year, he sent his ambassador in Washington to tell the Bush administration that it was too unquestioningly biased in favor of Israel and that the kingdom would from now on pursue its own interests apart from Washington's. Alarmed by the prospect of a rift, Bush soon after advocated for the first time the creation of a Palestinian state alongside Israel.

The next month, the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attacks took place in the United States, and Abdullah had to steer the alliance through the resulting criticism. The kingdom was home to 15 of the 19 hijackers, and many pointed out that the baseline ideology for al-Qaida and other groups stemmed from Saudi Arabia's Wahhabi interpretation of Islam.

When al-Qaida militants in 2003 began a wave of violence in the kingdom aimed at toppling the monarchy, Abdullah cracked down hard. For the next three years, security forces battled militants, finally forcing them to flee to neighboring Yemen. There, they created a new al-Qaida branch, and Saudi Arabia has played a behind-the-scenes role in fighting it.

The tougher line helped affirm Abdullah's commitment to fighting al-Qaida. He paid two visits to Bush — in 2002 and 2005 — at his ranch in Crawford, Texas.

When Fahd died in 2005, Abdullah officially rose to the throne. He then began to more openly push his agenda.

His aim at home was to modernize the kingdom to face the future. One of the world's largest oil exporters, Saudi Arabia is fabulously wealthy, but there are deep disparities in wealth and a burgeoning youth population in need of jobs, housing and education. More than half the current population of 20 million is under the age of 25. For Abdullah, that meant building a more skilled workforce and opening up greater room for women to participate. He was a strong supporter of education, building universities at home and increasing scholarships abroad for Saudi students.

Abdullah for the first time gave women seats on the Shura Council, an unelected body that advises the king and government. He promised women would be able to vote and run in 2015 elections for municipal councils, the only elections held in the country. He appointed the first female deputy minister in a 2009. Two Saudi female athletes competed in the Olympics for the first time in 2012, and a small handful of women were granted licenses to work as lawyers during his rule.

One of his most ambitious projects was a Western-style university that bears his name, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, which opened in 2009. Men and women share classrooms and study together inside the campus, a major departure in a country where even small talk between the sexes in public can bring a warning from the morality police.

The changes seemed small from the outside but had a powerful resonance. Small splashes of variety opened in the kingdom — color and flash crept into the all-black abayas women must wear in public; state-run TV started playing music, forbidden for decades; book fairs opened their doors to women writers and some banned books.

But he treaded carefully in the face of the ultraconservative Wahhabi clerics who hold near total sway over society and, in return, give the Al Saud family's rule religious legitimacy.

Senior cleric Sheik Saleh al-Lihedan warned against changes that could snap the "thread between a leader and his people." In some cases, Abdullah pushed back: He fired one prominent government cleric who criticized the mixed-gender university. But the king balked at going too far too fast. For example, beyond allowing debate in newspapers, Abdullah did nothing to respond to demands to allow women to drive.

"He has presided over a country that has inched forward, either on its own or with his leadership," said Karen Elliot House, author of "On Saudi Arabia: Its People, Past, Religion, Fault Lines."

"I don't think he's had as much impact as one would hope on trying to create a more moderate version of Islam," she said. "To me, it has not taken inside the country as much as one would hope."

And any change was strictly on the royal family's terms. After the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings in particular, Saudi Arabia clamped down on any dissent. Riot police crushed street demonstrations by Saudi Arabia's Shiite minority. Dozens of activists were detained, many of them tried under a sweeping counterterrorism law by an anti-terrorism court Abdullah created. Authorities more closely monitored social media, where anger over corruption and unemployment — and jokes about the aging monarchy — are rife.

Regionally, perhaps Abdullah's biggest priority was to confront Iran, the Shiite powerhouse across the Gulf.

Worried about Tehran's nuclear program, Abdullah told the United States in 2008 to consider military action to "cut off the head of the snake" and prevent Iran from producing a nuclear weapon, according to a leaked U.S. diplomatic memo.

In Lebanon, Abdullah backed Sunni allies against the Iranian-backed Shiite guerrilla group Hezbollah in a proxy conflict that flared repeatedly into potentially destabilizing violence. Saudi Arabia was also deeply opposed to longtime Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, whom it considered a tool of Iran oppressing Iraq's Sunni Muslim minority.

In Syria, Abdullah stepped indirectly indirectly into the civil war that emerged after 2011. He supported and armed rebels battling to overthrow President Bashar Assad, Iran's top Arab ally, and pressed the Obama administration to do the same. Iran's allies Hezbollah and Iraqi Shiite militias rushed to back Assad, and the resulting conflict has left hundreds of thousands dead and driven millions of Syrians from their homes.

From the multiple conflicts, Sunni-Shiite hatreds around the region took on a life of their own, fueling Sunni militancy. Syria's war helped give birth to the Islamic State group, which burst out to take over large parts of Syria and Iraq. Fears of the growing militancy prompted Abdullah to commit Saudi airpower to a U.S.-led coalition fighting the extremists.

Toby Matthiesen, author of "Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring That Wasn't," said Abdullah was not "particularly sectarian in a way that he hated Shiites for religious reasons. ... There are other senior members of the ruling family much more sectarian." But, he said, "Saudi Arabia plays a huge role in fueling sectarian conflict."

Abdullah had more than 30 children from around a dozen wives.
____

Batrawy reported from Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

-- (c) Associated Press 2015-01-23

[siampolee]

Now the merry go round begins, the multitude of princelings will be questing for power and no doubt the country or religion that is the highest bidder will insert their own princeling into the kingship.

Could be some very turbulent times ahead in the region, politically and religiously.

[chotthee]

So sad to wake up in Thailand with this sad news.

Long live the next king.

[Crossy]

Now the merry go round begins, the multitude of princelings will be questing for power and no doubt the country or religion that is the highest bidder will insert their own princeling into the kingship.

Could be some very turbulent times ahead in the region, politically and religiously.

Successor already announced, from the OP :-

"His successor was announced as 79-year-old half-brother, Prince Salman, according to a Royal Court statement carried on the Saudi Press Agency."

[Mosha]

Now the merry go round begins, the multitude of princelings will be questing for power and no doubt the country or religion that is the highest bidder will insert their own princeling into the kingship.

Could be some very turbulent times ahead in the region, politically and religiously.

Successor already announced, from the OP :-

"His successor was announced as 79-year-old half-brother, Prince Salman, according to a Royal Court statement carried on the Saudi Press Agency."

BBC said earlier that he's not in the best of health either.

[uptheos]

Now the merry go round begins, the multitude of princelings will be questing for power and no doubt the country or religion that is the highest bidder will insert their own princeling into the kingship.

Could be some very turbulent times ahead in the region, politically and religiously.

Successor already announced, from the OP :-

"His successor was announced as 79-year-old half-brother, Prince Salman, according to a Royal Court statement carried on the Saudi Press Agency."

BBC said earlier that he's not in the best of health either.

Both physically and mentally it was said on Sky News.

[ezzra]

What would the Saudi nation would be without it's oil? probably a stone age, tribal

autocrat country where women are third class and religion is foremost in everyday

life, the Saudis themselves would be just another camel herding people if it wasn't for the

oil...

[sanuk711]

King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia dies at 90.............. -

.

Years or whippings...........................

Edited January 23, 2015 by sanuk711

[siampolee]

Crossy post # 4.

Successor already announced, from the OP :-

"His successor was announced as 79-year-old half-brother, Prince Salman, according to a Royal Court statement carried on the Saudi Press Agency

Thanks Crossy.

I really must start to wear my reading glasses a little more often when playing with my keyboard as well as having my morning coffee too .

[phrodan]

ISIS are having a go at Saudi already, which I think is fair enough considering the Saudis financed and carried out the attack on the World Trade Centre. Just the same way as the Americans lauded NORAID and financed The Troubles in NI, then bottled it when terror came knocking on their door. There was a silent round of applause in the UK when the Boston marathon was attacked; what goes around comes back around.

The good news is that there's now a glut of oil so these vicious, cowardly back-stabbing greedy bastids are losing power by the day. Their day of reckoning is coming, and it's coming from the hand of fellow Muslim's. Good.

[IMA_FARANG]

Now the merry go round begins, the multitude of princelings will be questing for power and no doubt the country or religion that is the highest bidder will insert their own princeling into the kingship.

Could be some very turbulent times ahead in the region, politically and religiously.

-----------------------

I wouldn't worry about the succession, that has been worked out for years among the ruling family.

That doesn't mean that there may not be turmoil in Saudi Arabia (at least by their standards), but the succession was long ago agreed.

The problem may be the increased tension and disagreement between the "modernization" group and the "conservative" religious groups in Saudi Arabia.

That's going to be a problem the Saudis will have to resolve sooner or later, it's not just going to go away.

When I worked in Saudi Arabia in the 1980's I actually met Abdullah when he visited our communications site.

He impressed me as a intelligent young man (then) who spoke excellent English and even then, knew he would someday be king, and wanted to learn all he could to run Saudi Arabia when he became king.

[Scott]

Off-topic posts and replies removed.

[IMA_FARANG]

ISIS are having a go at Saudi already, which I think is fair enough considering the Saudis financed and carried out the attack on the World Trade Centre. Just the same way as the Americans lauded NORAID and financed The Troubles in NI, then bottled it when terror came knocking on their door. There was a silent round of applause in the UK when the Boston marathon was attacked; what goes around comes back around.

The good news is that there's now a glut of oil so these vicious, cowardly back-stabbing greedy bastids are losing power by the day. Their day of reckoning is coming, and it's coming from the hand of fellow Muslim's. Good.

----------------

Here's something you didn't know. The Glut of oil is a fiction. In the 1980's the Saudis began building and excavating huge underground storage tanks in certain areas of Saudi Arabia. During all the years of high oil prices they overproduced and did not export all their yearly oil production. There goal was to be able to store at least one year's (or more if possible) oil exports as a strategic reserve around Saudi Arabia. As far as I know, that project has continued for 30 years at least. I am quite confident that, although they have never admitted it, the Saudis have stored at least a years oil export reserves in case of their annual oils exports were for some reason stopped.

[phrodan]

ISIS are having a go at Saudi already, which I think is fair enough considering the Saudis financed and carried out the attack on the World Trade Centre. Just the same way as the Americans lauded NORAID and financed The Troubles in NI, then bottled it when terror came knocking on their door. There was a silent round of applause in the UK when the Boston marathon was attacked; what goes around comes back around.

The good news is that there's now a glut of oil so these vicious, cowardly back-stabbing greedy bastids are losing power by the day. Their day of reckoning is coming, and it's coming from the hand of fellow Muslim's. Good.

----------------

Here's something you didn't know.

The Glut of oil is a fiction.

In the 1980's the Saudis began building and excavating huge underground storage tanks in certain areas of Saudi Arabia.

During all the years of high oil prices they overproduced and did not export all their yearly oil production.

There goal was to be able to store at least one year's (or more if possible) oil exports as a strategic reserve around Saudi Arabia.

As far as I know, that project has continued for 30 years at least.

I am quite confident that, although they have never admitted it, the Saudis have stored at least a years oil export reserves in case of their annual oils exports were for some reason stopped.

I think that's called good management - although I doubt they have a whole years worth of supply tucked away, but I don't really care if that's the case or not. What I do care about is that Abdullah did nothing to prevent vast amounts of oil based wealth being used to promote an extreme interpretation of Islam. He also presided over despicable cultural vandalism - and allowed his cohorts to fund terrorism.

The kingdom is needing some first class terror attacks on the streets to wake them up to the monster they have created. They need to purge the extremists from positions of influence - and although I do accept the tenets of Wahibbism - they need to recognize two things. One being that Islamic art and architecture is part of their heritage - and the second one being a complete wipe-out of Hadith's and Isnath's must be imposed. They keep picking and choosing the Hadith's that suit them.

Any Muslim that follows any Hadith is a heretic.

[Steely Dan]

If you juxtaposition this with the chaos in Yemen you have to conclude the insane Iranian twelvers are rubbing their hands in anticipation. Remember a recent poll in Saudi Arabia found over 90% believed ISIS are followed the Quran and are being true to Islamic values. If the military have been infiltrated I shudder to think about the consequences.

[Chicog]

All hail the Custodian of the Two Holy Chequebooks.

Free holiday for us in the sandpit!

[Chicog]

If you juxtaposition this with the chaos in Yemen you have to conclude the insane Iranian twelvers are rubbing their hands in anticipation. Remember a recent poll in Saudi Arabia found over 90% believed ISIS are followed the Quran and are being true to Islamic values. If the military have been infiltrated I shudder to think about the consequences.

You can stop shuddering, there is no succession battle here.

The sprightly young crown prince will carry on as normal.

[mrbojangles]

Free holiday for us in the sandpit!

Have you had details yet Chicog? I'm presuming the funeral will be today or tomorrow at the latest, so it will be chocca block here in Riyadh with roads closed off by security for foreign dignitaries etc

[Nemesis7]

Conflicts will start now....

[chotthee]

King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia dies at 90.............. -

.

Years or whippings...........................

Be careful of LM 112 law please.

[Chicog]

Free holiday for us in the sandpit!

Have you had details yet Chicog? I'm presuming the funeral will be today or tomorrow at the latest, so it will be chocca block here in Riyadh with roads closed off by security for foreign dignitaries etc

Funeral will be today, so expect traffic chaos, yes.

As for how long you get off work, well ask your boss.

[Chicog]

Conflicts will start now....

Please elaborate.

[Steely Dan]

If you juxtaposition this with the chaos in Yemen you have to conclude the insane Iranian twelvers are rubbing their hands in anticipation. Remember a recent poll in Saudi Arabia found over 90% believed ISIS are followed the Quran and are being true to Islamic values. If the military have been infiltrated I shudder to think about the consequences.

You can stop shuddering, there is no succession battle here.

The sprightly young crown prince will carry on as normal.

Physical and mental impediment being no impediment after all. I just hope the new King is not short in stature or president Obama might get back strain.

[dabhand]

No doubt there will be an extended period of mourning in the Kingdom. What that consists of will be interesting. Presumably the local TV stations will be providing solemn music and appropriate deferential programmes about the ex-King and the Royal family. Will that also extend to the satellite channels? No doubt that will be difficult to control.

I recall when King Khalid died in June 1982. I was working in Riyadh at the time and had been on assignment to Athens for a couple of weeks. Had watched the first few days of the World Cup (recall Robson's early goal against France and the subsequent 3 goal victory!) and. knowing the Saudi love of football, was looking forward to watching the remainder of the completion when I returned to Riyadh.

Well, pitched up back in Saudi and was more miserable than ever at returning to the 'lovely' place. The mourning period went on and on and on. With no alternatives (outside of Paddy Feeny on the BBC World service), 'when is this mourning period going to end?' was the sole topic of conversation in the office. I believe it lasted for two long weeks..... It was agony!!

[arjunadawn]

Now the merry go round begins, the multitude of princelings will be questing for power and no doubt the country or religion that is the highest bidder will insert their own princeling into the kingship.

Could be some very turbulent times ahead in the region, politically and religiously.

It can only be from the House of Saud. The religion can only be Wahhabi Sunni Islam. This is the original power sharing agreement for SA.

[arjunadawn]

What would the Saudi nation would be without it's oil? probably a stone age, tribal

autocrat country where women are third class and religion is foremost in everyday

life, the Saudis themselves would be just another camel herding people if it wasn't for the

oil...

Yes, I think history will judge the survival of Arabic language was due to Islam and the spread of modern islam was the currency exchanged for oil.

Regardless, I think things are about to get interesting now they got some younger blood in there

[maidee]

those mozzies have so much hate against the US, while they leaders live like KINGS and they live in poverty ... so why the good oil barons don't share a bit more of the wealth with the people?

so they could be more HAPPY than to have hate in their heart ?

[Lissos]

What would the Saudi nation would be without it's oil?

It would be Yemen.

[Steely Dan]

Flags are flying at half mast from UK government buildings. While they're lowered I wonder why they don't just paint an f'ing star and crescent on them.

[NeverSure]

ISIS are having a go at Saudi already, which I think is fair enough considering the Saudis financed and carried out the attack on the World Trade Centre. Just the same way as the Americans lauded NORAID and financed The Troubles in NI, then bottled it when terror came knocking on their door. There was a silent round of applause in the UK when the Boston marathon was attacked; what goes around comes back around.

The good news is that there's now a glut of oil so these vicious, cowardly back-stabbing greedy bastids are losing power by the day. Their day of reckoning is coming, and it's coming from the hand of fellow Muslim's. Good.

"There was a silent round of applause in the UK when the Boston marathon was attacked."

You are evil.