Israel used white phosphorus to scorch earth in south Lebanon, researcher says Human Rights Watch and others say they have documented use of weapon in civilian areas during war on Gaza Damien Gayle The Guardian: 25 Mar 2026 When the M825-series 155mm artillery projectile bursts, expelling its felt wedges containing white phosphorus, it leaves a distinctive knuckle-shaped plume. That is how Human Rights Watch (HRW) researchers said they were able to verify that Israel was again using the notorious weapon over south Lebanon, reigniting accusations that it is breaking the laws of war. The New York-based rights group said it had verified and geolocated eight images showing airburst white phosphorus munitions exploding over residential areas in the southern Lebanese town of Yohmor in the opening days of Israel’s assault during the war on Gaza. In the last week, Israeli soldiers have been facing fierce resistance from Hezbollah fighters in south Lebanon, despite an intense bombing campaign. In recent days, Israeli forces have bombed roads, petrol stations, bridges and medical centres in an effort to cut south Lebanon off from the rest of the country. AI: Under Protocol III of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW), it is forbidden to use incendiary white phosphorus munitions against civilian populations or in civilian areas. White phosphorus is a highly toxic, waxy substance that ignites on contact with oxygen, causing severe, deep, and painful chemical burns that often reach the bone. It causes severe damage to human tissue through lipophilicity (penetrating skin), resulting in yellow-colored, necrotic wounds that are slow to heal and prone to reinfection. Key Health Effects of White Phosphorus Exposure: Severe Burns: White phosphorus burns fiercely on contact with skin, often leaving lasting damage and pain. These burns are often severe and deep, sometimes extending to the bone. Respiratory Damage: Inhaling the thick white smoke produced by white phosphorus can cause severe irritation, immediate scarring of the lungs, and suffocation. Systemic Toxicity: If absorbed, it causes severe damage to organs, including the liver, kidneys, and heart, and can lead to death. Long-Term Damage: Survivors often experience severe pain, scarring, and long-term health issues. White phosphorus has no antidote, and treatment is focused on managing symptoms and providing supportive care. Its use in civilian areas is considered a war crime by many humanitarian organizations, as it causes unnecessary suffering and severe harm to people.
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