Spreaders of Conspiracy Theories: Unmasking the Motivations Behind the Lies

[Social Media]

 

While much research has been dedicated to understanding why people believe conspiracy theories, a surprising revelation is that some individuals sharing these ideas online don’t even believe their own claims. Instead, these conspiracy spreaders are opportunists, using these theories as tools to manipulate others, stir conflict, and even make a profit.

 

 

These people are not motivated by genuine belief. They share conspiracy theories to cause chaos, radicalize followers, harass others, or simply seek attention. They thrive in an environment where falsehoods run rampant, and their insincerity makes them especially dangerous. There are several types of opportunistic conspiracy spreaders, each with their own agenda.

 

One of these groups includes extremists who share conspiracy theories as a recruitment tactic. According to research, certain extremist groups intentionally push these theories to lure in potential followers. They experiment with different ideas to see which ones resonate, hoping to create a so-called "gateway conspiracy" that will lead someone to further engagement and eventual radicalization. In fact, people who express positive feelings toward extremist groups are significantly more likely to knowingly share false information.

 

One example comes from a disinformation-monitoring company, Blackbird.AI, which tracked over 119 million COVID-19 conspiracy posts in 2020. Of these, more than 32 million were flagged as manipulative, with extremist groups, such as the Boogaloo Bois, responsible for spreading many of these lies. Members of this group generated over 610,000 tweets, with 58% of them aimed at incitement and radicalization. The insincerity of these posts becomes evident when members admit that they don’t actually believe in the theories they are promoting. As one Boogaloo member, Aron McKillips, bluntly put it: “I don’t believe in anything. I’m only here for the violence.”

 

Governments also exploit conspiracy theories for their own purposes. Russia’s 1903 fabrication, “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion,” is a notorious example, and more recently, China created a fake conspiracy theory about the August 2023 Maui wildfire using artificial intelligence. Russia, in particular, has a long history of using conspiracy theories to fuel conflict. They spread falsehoods to support conflicting sides of contentious issues, intentionally sowing division. Unlike true believers who typically stick to one side of an issue, Russian disinformation campaigns are infamous for their “fire hose of falsehoods,” relentlessly spreading lies to create confusion and polarization. 

 

Another group, those with a "need for chaos," are individuals who share conspiracy theories for the thrill of causing disruption. These everyday trolls often don’t care whether the information they share is true or false—they simply want to wreak havoc. An example of this behavior was seen after the first assassination attempt on Donald Trump, when someone falsely identified the shooter online. The intent wasn’t to inform but to harass an innocent person whose photo had been stolen. This fake story was seen by over 300,000 people and further spread by others looking to fan the flames of confusion.

 

Profit-seeking individuals also play a large role in spreading conspiracy theories. These opportunists have something to gain, whether it be money, influence, or followers. For example, researchers identified 12 key figures responsible for the majority of anti-vaccine conspiracy theories online. Many of these individuals had a direct financial interest in continuing the spread of falsehoods. Alex Jones, a prominent conspiracy theorist, once boasted that his followers would "buy anything." Meanwhile, Fox News, in its coverage of the 2020 election, publicized false claims of voter fraud, despite internal communications revealing that their on-air personalities didn’t actually believe in the theories they were promoting.

 

Finally, some people share conspiracies simply for the attention. These common conspiracists may not have a financial motive but enjoy being part of a conversation. Many post content they don’t fully believe in, or even know is false, just to provoke reactions or to “stir the pot.” This behavior is rampant on social media, where some users, knowingly or not, contribute to the spread of misinformation for the sake of engagement.

 

The ultimate danger of these opportunists is that over time, they may even begin to believe their own lies. To justify their unethical behavior, they may convince themselves that their actions are acceptable or that the conspiracy theories were true all along. 

 

It’s essential to approach the content we encounter online with caution, recognizing that many of those spreading conspiracy theories don’t even believe what they’re saying. They want to manipulate and mislead, so it’s important not to fall into their trap. As one piece of advice wisely warns: “Be aware before you share.” Don’t let yourself become what these opportunists cynically refer to as a “useful idiot.”

 

Based on a report from The Conversation 2024-10-07

 

 

 

[bradiston]

Excellent article. Should be pinned to the top of every forum!