Wll, now you have opened a can of worms haven't you? What they usually mean is that they believe there is one divinely revealed scripture, not that every printed Arabic Quran is letter-for-letter identical. The historical picture is more nuanced: There are multiple accepted Arabic canonical readings (Qirā'āt). The two most common, Hafs and Warsh, have numerous textual differences. Most are small, but they are genuine differences in the printed Arabic text. Muslims traditionally regard these readings as equally authentic, not as competing versions. So when someone says, "There is only one Quran," they're expressing a theological belief about the unity of the revelation. A historian or textual scholar would usually be more precise and say:
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