I have an iPhone 4. Yesterday I get an e-mail from Google that someone located in Chiang Rai had tried to use my Google password. The Google e-mail passed the smell test. I never had to enter my password since arriving in Thailand and my cell phone has never been out of my possession. Only way someone in Thailand could obtain anything would be a wifi hack. Is this possible or did a random glitch from my local provider lead Google to think I logged in from elsewhere?

Sent from my iPhone using Thaivisa Connect

Typically this is just due to you changing an ISP for internet access, say from a mobile provider to a WiFi provider, both of which have different physical street addresses, typically for their HQ associated with their IP, which are far enough apart to trigger the algorithm. 

Don't expect these locations that Google sees to be precise.

My "location" is wrong between 50 km to 300 km.

Did you use Google from your PC and your iPhone alternating in a short time?

If the "location" if the iPhone and your current connection are differing significantly then Google and others can find this suspicious.

Can also happen when using a VPN and shortly after connect without VPN.